The Impact of Biofumigation and Chemical Fumigation Methods on the Structure and Function of the Soil Microbial Community
The Impact of Biofumigation and Chemical Fumigation Methods on the Structure and Function of the Soil Microbial Community
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DOI：
10.1007/s00248-010-9740-4
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Karpouzas, Dimitrios G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Omirou, Michalis;Rousidou, Constantina;Karpouzas, Dimitrios G.
生物熏蒸（BIOF）主要通过将芸苔属植物部分掺入土壤中进行，这种熏蒸活性与其高硫代葡萄糖苷（GSL）含量有关，GSL被内源性黑芥子酶水解，释放异硫氰酸盐（ITC）。进行了一项微观世界研究，以调查将西兰花残留物掺入添加黑芥子酶（BM）或不添加黑芥子酶（B）的土壤中以及化学熏蒸（作为土壤施用 2-苯乙基 ITC (PITC) 或威咸钠 (MS)）对土壤微生物群落的影响。通过测量荧光素二乙酸酯水解和土壤呼吸来评估土壤微生物活性。通过磷脂脂肪酸分析评估对总微生物群落结构的影响，通过变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）评估对重要真菌（子囊菌（ASC））和细菌（氨氧化细菌（AOB））群的影响。总体而言，B 以及较小程度的 BM 刺激了微生物活性和生物量。与 B 相比，BM 的作用减弱在真菌和革兰氏阴性细菌中尤其明显，这归因于黑芥子酶处理后 ITC 的快速释放。 PITC 没有显着的作用，而在 MS 处理的土壤中观察到抑制作用。 DGGE 分析表明，BIOF 治疗暂时改变了 ASC 群落，MS 治疗则更持久地改变了 AOB 群落的结构，而 AOB 群落的结构不受治疗影响。 ASC 群落的克隆表明，与 BIOF 处理相比，MS 应用对镰刀菌、Nectria 和 Cladosporium 等潜在植物病原体具有有害影响，而 BIOF 处理似乎不会抑制这些病原体。我们的研究结果表明，BIOF 会引起土壤微生物群落结构和功能的变化，这主要与新鲜有机材料土壤改良剂产生的微生物底物可用性变化有关。
Biofumigation (BIOF) is carried out mainly by the incorporation of brassica plant parts into the soil, and this fumigation activity has been linked to their high glucosinolate (GSL) content GSLs are hydrolyzed by the endogenous enzyme myrosinase to release isothiocyanates (ITCs). A microcosm study was conducted to investigate the effects induced on the soil microbial community by the incorporation of broccoli residues into soil either with (BM) or without (B) added myrosinase and of chemical fumigation, either as soil application of 2-phenylethyl ITC (PITC) or metham sodium (MS). Soil microbial activity was evaluated by measuring fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis and soil respiration. Effects on the structure of the total microbial community were assessed by phospholipid fatty acid analysis, while the impact on important fungal (ascomycetes (ASC)) and bacterial (ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB)) guilds was evaluated by denaturating gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Overall, B, and to a lesser extent BM, stimulated microbial activity and biomass. The diminished effect of BM compared to B was particularly evident in fungi and Gram-negative bacteria and was attributed to rapid ITC release following the myrosinase treatment. PITC did not have a significant effect, whereas an inhibitory effect was observed in the MS-treated soil. DGGE analysis showed that the ASC community was temporarily altered by BIOF treatments and more persistently by the MS treatment, while the structure of the AOB community was not affected by the treatments. Cloning of the ASC community showed that MS application had a deleterious effect on potential plant pathogens like Fusarium, Nectria, and Cladosporium compared to BIOF treatments which did not appear to inhibit them. Our findings indicate that BIOF induces changes on the structure and function of the soil microbial community that are mostly related to microbial substrate availability changes derived from the soil amendment with fresh organic materials.