VARIETIES AND DISTRIBUTION OF NON-PYRAMIDAL CELLS IN SOMATIC SENSORY CORTEX OF SQUIRREL-MONKEY
VARIETIES AND DISTRIBUTION OF NON-PYRAMIDAL CELLS IN SOMATIC SENSORY CORTEX OF SQUIRREL-MONKEY
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DOI：
10.1002/cne.901600204
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发表时间：
1975-01-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
JONES, EG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
JONES, EG
已在幼年和成熟松鼠猴皮质区 3、1 和 2 的快速高尔基体、高尔基体-科普希体和高尔基体-考克斯制剂中研究了不符合传统锥体模式的细胞的形态和分布。该材料已通过允许细胞旋转以显示其三维结构的计算机程序进行了定性和定量分析。已鉴定出九种非锥体细胞类型，其中一种是罕见的巨细胞，另一种构成了第六层细胞的主要比例，被认为是锥体细胞的改良形式。在其他七种类型中，两种具有水平分布的轴突，一种基本上局限于第二层，另一种则前后发送长（长达 1 毫米）的分支穿过所有层。两种类型具有垂直轴突。其中一种对应于卡哈尔的“双花束树突”细胞，主要位于第二层或第三层的上部，具有一簇大的轴突分支，这些轴突分支下降到第四层和第五层，包围并终止于锥体细胞的顶端树突。另一种类型是成年动物中唯一具有相对较高浓度树突棘的非锥体细胞。它的胞体位于第四层，有几个强烈循环的粗轴突分支，上升到第二层，也包围锥体细胞的顶端树突。树突场并不是真正的星状，而是被拉成一个明显的上升簇，该簇上升到层 IIIb。因此，该牢房类似于洛伦特·德·诺的“星金字塔”。然而，此类细胞具有许多特征，特别是其轴突的分布和树突棘的分布，与众所周知的视觉皮层的“刺星状”细胞相同。相反，这些细胞和视觉皮层的刺星状细胞也具有相同的特征。相反，这些细胞和视觉皮层的多刺星状细胞（也进行了检查）中的相同特征与体细胞尺寸相似的小锥体细胞的特征明显不同。剩下的三种非锥体细胞类型具有局部分枝的轴突，这些轴突似乎主要终止于锥体细胞。在一种情况下，轴突在第三层形成平滑弯曲的拱廊，在另一种情况下，轴突在第四层中紧密缠绕，在第三种情况下，在第二层至第四层中轴突呈灌木状。当皮层折叠到中央沟中时，某些细胞类型会出现与皮层变薄相关的形态变化。例如，沟底第四层的刺状细胞变得更加星状。人们认为这些细胞形状的变化可能与丘脑传入神经丛浅层到深层的变化相关。在幼年和成年动物之间也发现了某些差异。丘脑传入丛之间也存在某些差异。在青少年中也检测到了某些差异，在成体通常很少或没有树突棘的细胞上发现了更多的树突棘，并且一些细胞的轴突丛组织较少。在讨论结果时，尝试将这些发现与其他研究人员的发现联系起来，并提出电生理学可识别的皮层“细胞柱”的可能形态学相关性。
The morphology and distribution of cells which do not conform to the conventional pyramidal pattern have been investigated in rapid Golgi, Golgi‐Kopsch and Golgi‐Cox preparations fromn cortical areas 3, 1 and 2 of juvenile and mature squirrel monkeys. The material has been analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by means of a computer program which permits cells to be roatated so as to display their three‐dimensional architecture.Nine non‐pyramidal types are identified of which one is a rare giant cell and another, forming a major proportion of the cells in layer VI, is considered to be a modified form of pyramidal cell. Of the other seven types, two have horizontally distributed axons, one esseentially confined to layer II, is the other sending long (up to 1 mm) branches antero‐posteriorly through all layers.Two types have vertical axons. One, corresponding to the “double bouquet dendritique” cell of Cajal, is mainly situated in layer II or the upper part of layer III and has a cluster of large axone branches which descend to layers IV and V and which enclose and terminate on the apical dendrites of pyramidal cells. The other type is the only non‐pyramidal cell which has a relatively high concentration of dendritic spines in the adult animal. Its soma lies in layer IV and it has several strongly recurrent, thick axonal branches ascending to layer II, also enclosing the apical dendrites of pyramidal cells. The dendritic field is not truly stellate but is drawn out into a pronounced ascending tuft which ascends cends into lalyer IIIb. The cell thus resembles a “star‐pyramid” of Lorente de Nó. Nevertheless such cells have many features, notably the distribution of their axons and the distribution of dendritic spines which are identical to those of the well‐known “spiny stellate” cell of the visual cortex. Conversely the same features both in these cells and in the spiny stellate cells of the visual cortex. Conversely the same features both in these cells and in the spiny stellate cells of the visual cortex (which were also examined) differ markedly fromn those of small pyramidal cells with somata of similar dimensions.The three remaining non‐pyramidal cell types have locally ramifying axons which appear to terminate predominantly on pyramidal cells. In one, the axon forms smoothly curving arcades in layer III, in another it is intensely tangled in layer in layer IV and in the third it is bush‐like in layers II–IV.There are morphological changes in certain of the cell types associated with the thinning of the cortex as it is folded into the central sulcus. For examplle, the spiny cells of layer IV become much more stellate‐like in the floor of the sulcus. It is thought that the changes in the shape of these cells can be correlated with the concomitant changes in the superificial to deep extent of the thalamic afferent plexus. Certain differences were also detected between the juvenile and adult animals. Certain differences were also detectex between the thalamic afferent plxus. Certain differences were also detecd between the In the juvenile, many more dendritic spines were seen on cells which in the adults normally possess few or none and the axonal plexusesscs of some cell were were less oraganized.In discussing the reusults, attempts are made toof correlate the these findings with those of other workers and to suggest possible morphological correlatessates of the elecotrophysiologically identifiable “cell column” of the cortex.