DOMESTICATION OF SOYBEAN
DOMESTICATION OF SOYBEAN
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DOI：
10.1007/bf02860745
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发表时间：
1970-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
HYMOWITZ, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HYMOWITZ, T
大豆，连同香蕉、大麦、普通豆类、木薯、椰子、玉米、花生、土豆、大米、高粱、甜菜、甘蔗、红薯和小麦，是人类主要的食用植物。今天，大豆，像许多其他食用植物一样，被认为是理所当然的，也就是说，没有明显的先见之明，即大豆是在何时何地适应人类的需要，是如何、何时、由谁传播的，以及大豆的传播是发生在史前还是现代。除了研究大豆的起源普遍缺乏紧迫性外，令人遗憾的是，有关大豆的古代和历史发展及其农业后果的文献充满了错误和误解。这主要是由于两个原因：(a)大豆原产于东方，西方科学家在历史记录方面处于语言劣势；(b)直到最近，人们才把注意力集中在利用团队方法深入研究动植物驯化与人类社会发展和需要之间的相互关系上（10,32,67,115）。在过去的30年里，许多中国的历史书籍、评论和材料媒体被翻译成西方语言，在中国大陆和台湾都发现了大量的考古材料。本文试图将古老的考古、历史、农业和植物学文献与最近的数据相协调，并建立一个关于大豆驯化的工作假设。
Soybeans, together with bananas, barley, common beans, cassavas, coconuts, maize, peanuts, potatoes, rice, sorghum, sugar beets, sugarcane, sweet potatoes and wheat, are man's principal food plants (12). Today, the soybean, like so many other food plants, is taken for granted, that is, without appreciable forethought as to when and where it was adapted to the needs of man, how, when and by whom it was disseminated, and whether or not the distribution of soybeans took place in prehistoric or within the modern era (73). In addition to the general lack of urgency in studying the origin of the soybean, it is unfortunate that the literature concerned with the antiquity and historical development of the soybean and its agricultural consequences is fraught with errors and misconceptions. This is mainly due to two reasons:(a) the soybean is autochthonous to the Orient, where western scientists are at a linguistic disadvantage with respect to historical records;(b) it is only in recent times that attention has been focused on studying in depth, using a team approach, the interrelationships between the domestication of plants and animals and development and needs of human society (10, 32, 67, 115). During the past 30 years, many Chinese historical books, commentaries and material media have been translated into western languages and a large amount of archeological material has been uncovered, both on mainland China and in Taiwan. This paper is an attempt to reconcile the old archeological, historical, agricultural and botanical literature with the more recent data and to establish a working hypothesis on the domestication of the soybean.