Nanotechnology-enabled immunoengineering approaches to advance therapeutic applications.
Nanotechnology-enabled immunoengineering approaches to advance therapeutic applications.
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DOI：
10.1186/s40580-022-00310-0
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发表时间：
2022-04-28
期刊：
影响因子：
11.7
通讯作者：
Lee KB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chuang ST;Conklin B;Stein JB;Pan G;Lee KB
免疫治疗在过去的十年中取得了临床上的成功，出现了新的有效的治疗方法，如检查点阻断治疗和CAR T细胞治疗，极大地改善了患者的预后。尽管如此，这些治疗方法仍然可以改进，以限制非靶向效应，减轻全身毒性，并提高整体疗效。纳米工程学提供了一些策略，使研究人员能够通过操纵免疫细胞功能来实现这些目标，例如增强对癌症和病原体的免疫力，控制免疫反应的部位，并通过提供小分子药物或生物制剂来促进耐受性。通过调整纳米材料的性质，如大小、形状、电荷和表面化学，可以针对不同类型的免疫细胞并进行工程设计，例如用于免疫的树突状细胞，或用于促进适应性免疫的T细胞。研究人员已经更好地了解了免疫系统在除癌症之外的病理发展中所起的关键作用，开发寻求利用免疫细胞活动潜力的纳米工程方法可以为伤害和疾病的治疗带来有利的结果。
Immunotherapy has reached clinical success in the last decade, with the emergence of new and effective treatments such as checkpoint blockade therapy and CAR T-cell therapy that have drastically improved patient outcomes. Still, these therapies can be improved to limit off-target effects, mitigate systemic toxicities, and increase overall efficacies. Nanoscale engineering offers strategies that enable researchers to attain these goals through the manipulation of immune cell functions, such as enhancing immunity against cancers and pathogens, controlling the site of immune response, and promoting tolerance via the delivery of small molecule drugs or biologics. By tuning the properties of the nanomaterials, such as size, shape, charge, and surface chemistry, different types of immune cells can be targeted and engineered, such as dendritic cells for immunization, or T cells for promoting adaptive immunity. Researchers have come to better understand the critical role the immune system plays in the progression of pathologies besides cancer, and developing nanoengineering approaches that seek to harness the potential of immune cell activities can lead to favorable outcomes for the treatment of injuries and diseases.
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