Evolution of Fungi and Fungal-Like Organisms
Evolution of Fungi and Fungal-Like Organisms
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-031-29199-9
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Esser;The Mycota
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Esser;The Mycota
虽然人们越来越了解植物和动物如何在世界各地传播，以及它们如何多样化和占据新的生态位，但这些知识对于真菌和卵菌来说相当有限。与动物和植物一样，许多植物病原性真菌也是通过有害生物传播的，但与它们相反，只有很少的植物病原性真菌是故意引入的。此外，植物病原真菌的新生态位的占领是由非生物环境定义的，但更多的是由生物环境，与宿主植物的相互作用是适应性的主要生态决定因素，特别是对于活体营养型和半活体营养型病原体。因此，宿主转换是病原体多样化的主要驱动力，这可能产生类似于动物或植物到达以前无人居住的群岛的影响。本章总结了植物病原体的范围扩张和宿主跳跃的知识现状，重点是（半）活体营养真菌和卵菌。
While it is increasingly well understood how plants and animals spread around the world, and how they diversify and occupy new niches, such knowledge is fairly limited for fungi and oomycetes. As is true for animals and plants, many plant pathogenic fungi have been spread anthropogenically, but, in contrast to them, only rarely as a deliberate introduction. In addition, the occupation of new niches for plant pathogenic fungi is less defined by the abiotic environment, but more by the biotic environment, as the interaction with the host plant is the major ecological determinant of fitness, especially for biotrophic and hemibiotrophic pathogens. Thus, host switches are a major driver in the diversification of pathogens, which can have an effect similar to the arrival of animals or plants on a previously uninhabited archipelago. This chapter summarises the current state of knowledge on range expansions and host jumps in plant pathogens, focusing on (hemi-)biotrophic fungi and oomycetes.