Case relations in Lao, a radically isolating language
Case relations in Lao, a radically isolating language
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老挝语的格关系，一种完全孤立的语言
DOI：
10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199206476.013.0058
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
N. Enfield
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N. Enfield
这篇文章研究了老挝语的数据，老挝语是一种完全孤立的西南泰语，在老挝、泰国和柬埔寨使用，并询问这种语言的使用者如何在没有案件的情况下应对。老挝语与普通话、泰语、越南语和廖内印尼语一样，都是极端实用主义语法的例证。由于语用学的丰富性，格标记只是简单地区分谁和谁，这在很大程度上是可有可无的。此外，对于case标记的更具“表达性”的功能，其中及物性的特征被操纵以达到表达性或信息结构的效果，Lao发现了以特殊方式处理某些参数的构造方法，从而以类似case的方式明确标记非冗余语义信息。本文还研究了参数-谓词关系的模式，重点关注单价谓词、对称和其他非定向二价谓词以及非对称二价谓词。最后，它考虑了大小写标记可能执行的表达功能，即对一个或另一个参数的特殊处理有助于在事件结构和参与者参与的解释中操纵语义区别。
This article examines data from Lao, a radically isolating Southwestern Tai language spoken in Laos, Thailand, and Cambodia, and asks how speakers of such a language might cope without case. Lao is like Mandarin, Thai, Vietnamese, and Riau Indonesian in exemplifying the extreme of pragmatically oriented grammar. Where case marking simply distinguishes who from whom, it is mostly dispensable, thanks to the richness of pragmatics. Moreover, for more ‘expressive’functions of case marking, where features of transitivity are manipulated for expressive or information-structural effect, Lao finds constructional means to treat certain arguments in special ways, thereby explicitly marking non-redundant semantic information in case-like ways. This article also examines patterns of argument-predicate relations, focusing on monovalent predicates, symmetric and other non-oriented bivalent predicates, and asymmetric bivalent predicates. Finally, it considers the expressive functions which case marking might perform, that is where special treatment of one or another argument serves to manipulate semantic distinctions in the construal of event structure and participant involvement.