Unusually Devastating Tornadoes in the United States: 1995–2016
Unusually Devastating Tornadoes in the United States: 1995–2016
复制标题
美国异常毁灭性的龙卷风：1995 年至 2016 年
DOI：
10.1080/24694452.2019.1638753
复制
发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
J. Elsner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Fricker;J. Elsner
先前的研究已经确定了与龙卷风伤亡率相关的许多物理、社会经济和人口因素。我们对社区层面的龙卷风脆弱性的理解仍然存在差距。这里提供了一个框架，用于系统地识别最具异常破坏性的龙卷风，定义为观察到的伤亡人数远远超过预测人数的龙卷风。结果显示，美国任何发生龙卷风的地方都会发生异常破坏性的龙卷风，但东南部的农村地区似乎最常见。对影响六个社区的异常破坏性龙卷风的七个例子进行了更详细的研究。此外，结果强调，受异常破坏性龙卷风影响的城镇有自己的社会经济和人口特征。识别具有异常破坏性的龙卷风的地理集群为解决社区一级的破坏原因奠定了基础，支持对基于地点的脆弱性进行人种学和定性（以及定量）研究。关键词：统计、龙卷风、脆弱性。
Previous research has identified a number of physical, socioeconomic, and demographic factors related to tornado casualty rates. There remain gaps in our understanding of community-level vulnerabilities to tornadoes. Here a framework is provided for systematically identifying the most unusually devastating tornadoes, defined as those where the observed number of casualties far exceeds the predicted number. Results show that unusually devastating tornadoes occur anywhere tornadoes occur in the United States, but rural areas across the Southeast appear to be most frequented. Seven examples of unusually devastating tornadoes affecting six communities are examined in more detail. In addition, results highlight that cities and towns affected by unusually devastating tornadoes have their own socioeconomic and demographic profiles. Identifying geographic clusters of unusually devastating tornadoes builds a foundation to address community-level causes of destruction that supports ethnographic and qualitative—in addition to quantitative—studies of place-based vulnerability. Key Words: statistics, tornado, vulnerability.