Oxygen Consumption of Torpid, Resting, Active, and Flying Hummingbirds
Oxygen Consumption of Torpid, Resting, Active, and Flying Hummingbirds
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迟钝、休息、活跃和飞行的蜂鸟的耗氧量
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发表时间：
1963
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通讯作者：
R. C. Lasiewski
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作者：
R. C. Lasiewski
蜂鸟是能够生理调节体温的最小动物之一，它们面临着具有挑战性的能量问题，即高代谢率加上有限的能量储备和夜间无法进食。通过放弃恒温状态并变得迟钝，这些动物能够在强制禁食的夜间期间最大限度地减少能量消耗。皮尔森（Pearson，1950）测量了安娜蜂鸟（Calypte安娜）和艾伦蜂鸟（Selasphorus sasin）的休息、迟钝和飞行代谢，并估计了红喉蜂鸟（Archilochus colubris）不间断飞行的最大范围。对于前两个物种，分别记录了11-16 cc O2/gm hr和70-85 cc O2/gm hr的休息和飞行水平。后者的值高于记录的任何其他脊椎动物。根据鼩 鼱和蜂鸟的代谢率与体重之间的明显关系，Pearson（1953 a）得出结论，2.5 g。代表了恒温动物小尺寸的下限：2.5克。这项研究部分得到了美国国家科学基金会授予W. R.道森，并从研究生研究基金，贺拉斯H。密歇根大学拉克姆研究生院。这项工作也得到了美国国家科学基金会合作研究生奖学金的学年196061年和1961年至1962年。
H UMMINGBIRDS are among the smallest animals capable of physiological regulation of body temperature, and they are confronted with the challenging energetic problem of a high metabolic rate coupled with limited energy reserves and inability to feed at night. By abandoning the homeothermic state and becoming torpid, these animals are able to minimize their energy expenditure over the nocturnal period of enforced fasting. Pearson (1950) measured the resting, torpid, and flight metabolism of Anna's hummingbird (Calypte anna) and Allen's hummingbird (Selasphorus sasin), and estimated the maximal range for non-stop flight of the ruby-throated hummingbird (Archilochus colubris). For the first two species, resting and flight levels of 11-16 cc O2/gm hr, and 70-85 cc 02/gm hr, respectively, were recorded. The latter values were higher than those recorded for any other vertebrate. On the basis of the apparent relation between metabolic rate and body weight in shrews and hummingbirds, Pearson (1953a) concluded that 2.5 gm. represented the lower limit of small size for homeothermic animals: At 2.5 gm. the "rate of 1 This investigation was supported, in part, by grant G-9238 from the National Science Foundation to Dr. W. R. Dawson, and by funds from the Graduate Student Research Fund, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies, University of Michigan. This work was also supported by NSF Cooperative Graduate Fellowships for the academic years 196061 and 1961-62.