A typology of adaptation actions: A global look at climate adaptation actions financed through the Global Environment Facility
A typology of adaptation actions: A global look at climate adaptation actions financed through the Global Environment Facility
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DOI：
10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.01.003
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发表时间：
2014-03-01
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
McNeeley, Shannon M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Biagini, Bonizella;Bierbaum, Rosina;McNeeley, Shannon M.
气候变化的影响威胁到现有的发展努力和实现未来的可持续性目标。为了建立对气候变化的复原力和社会准备，人们越来越强调将适应纳入发展。迄今为止，适应方面的文献大多是理论性的，反映出缺乏实地活动的经验数据。然而，在《联合国气候变化框架公约》下设立并由全球环境基金、最不发达国家基金、气候变化特别基金和适应战略优先事项管理的基金，已核准为70个国家的133个适应项目提供资金，这些国家有充分的有文件记载的经验，可以进行初步分类和评价。本文提供了通过这些资金的分配和支付确定的适应行动的第一个实质性概要，并将这些行动组织成适应活动的一般类型。所获得的信息使人们对适应在实践中是什么有了新的认识，并提出了加强经验数据库的一些下一步措施。通过对这些基金资助的92个项目的分析，确定了10类总体适应活动。本文分析了这些适应活动，并将其与适应类型学的理论结构进行了比较。我们发现，理论家提出的许多早期思想和概念与该领域的结果是一致的。在全球环境基金项目中出现最多的适应类别是扶持性和相对廉价的措施，例如与能力建设、政策改革以及规划和管理有关的措施。然而，从信息和通信技术到预警系统，再到新的或改进的基础设施，一系列丰富的技术行动也被确定为共同的项目目标。今后对各种适应行动的成本进行调整，将技术和管理备选办法结合起来，以及评估所实施行动的效力，将是为未来全球适应议程提供信息的关键。(C)2014作者由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Climate change impacts threaten existing development efforts and achieving future sustainability goals. To build resilience and societal preparedness towards climate change, integration of adaptation into development is being increasingly emphasized. To date, much of the adaptation literature has been theoretical, reflecting the absence of empirical data from activities on the ground. However, the Funds established under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and managed by the Global Environment Facility, the Least Developed Countries Fund, the Special Climate Change Fund and the Strategic Priority for Adaptation, have approved financing for 133 adaptation projects in 70 countries with sufficient documented experience to allow for initial categorization and evaluation. This article provides the first substantial compendium of adaptation actions identified through the allocation and disbursement of these Funds and organizes these actions into a generalized typology of adaptation activities. The information obtained sheds new insight into what adaptation is, in practice, and suggests some next steps to strengthen the empirical database. Ten types of overarching adaptation activities were identified through an analysis of 92 projects financed through these Funds. This paper analyzes these adaptation activities and compares them with theoretical constructs of adaptation typologies. We find that many of the early ideas and concepts advanced by theoreticians are consistent with results from the field. The adaptation categories that recur the most in Global Environment Facility projects are enabling and relatively inexpensive measures, such as those related to capacity building, policy reform, and planning and management. However, a rich panoply of technical actions ranging from information and communications technology, to early warning systems, to new or improved infrastructure, are also identified as common project goals. Future refinements of the costs of various adaptation actions, the mixture of technical and management options, and evaluating the efficacy of actions implemented, will be key to informing the future global adaptation agenda. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.