Facial first impressions form two clusters representing approach-avoidance
Facial first impressions form two clusters representing approach-avoidance
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cogpsych.2021.101387
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发表时间：
2021-05-05
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Kramer, Robin S. S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jones, Alex L.;Kramer, Robin S. S.
现有的面部第一印象模型表明，有两到四个因素支撑着所有的社会特质判断。在这里，我们将这些第一印象评级的几个大型数据库提交给无监督学习算法，目的是将面孔而不是特征聚类在一起，以研究印象可能被分组在一起的方式。实验1揭示了两个集群的面孔，存在于一个全维的，两个或三个因素的表示，社会印象，而实验2表明，这些集群也出现在其他数据集。在实验3中，使用贝叶斯建模方法，我们提取了每个集群的印象配置文件，并推导出一个向量，最大限度地分离集群。由此产生的矢量强烈相关的效价和接近性组件在现有的模型。在对我们模型的进一步测试中，我们在实验4中表明，仅仅面部外观，而不是感知，就足以将这些集群分开，这表明像微笑这样的面部线索可能会驱动感知轮廓，从而产生感知集群。最后，实验5表明，观察者对这两个集群中的面孔的反应与接近回避行为密切相关，观察者反应迅速，没有指示从一个集群中接近另一个集群。两者合计，我们的研究结果提供了令人信服的证据，利用计算和行为的方法，现有的模型的社会印象实际上是实现在基本的接近回避机制。
Existing models of facial first impressions indicate between two and four factors that underpin all social trait judgements. Here, we submitted several large databases of these first impression ratings to unsupervised learning algorithms with the aim of clustering together faces, rather than traits, to examine the ways in which impressions may be grouped together. Experiment 1 revealed two clusters of faces that exist in both a full-dimensional, and two- or three-factor representations, of social impressions, while Experiment 2 indicated that these clusters also emerged in additional datasets. In Experiment 3, using Bayesian modelling approaches, we extracted the impression profile of each cluster and also derived a vector that maximally separated the clusters. The resulting vector related strongly to the valence and approachability components in existing models. In a further test of our model, we showed in Experiment 4 that mere facial appearance, rather than perceptions, is sufficient to separate these clusters, demonstrating probabilistically that facial cues like smiling may drive the perceptual profile that gives rise to the perceptual clusters. Finally, Experiment 5 showed that observer responses to faces in these two clusters mapped closely on to approach-avoidance behaviour, with observers responding rapidly and without instruction to approach faces from one cluster over the other. Taken together, our findings provide compelling evidence, drawing upon both computational and behavioural approaches, that existing models of social impressions are realised practically in terms of basic approach-avoidance mechanisms.