Age differences in the takeover of vehicle control and engagement in non-driving-related activities in simulated driving with conditional automation
Age differences in the takeover of vehicle control and engagement in non-driving-related activities in simulated driving with conditional automation
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aap.2016.08.027
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发表时间：
2017-09-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Feng, Jing
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clark, Hallie;Feng, Jing
高水平的车辆自动化被认为是提高老年驾驶员机动性的一种有价值的手段，因为老年驾驶员在许多对安全驾驶至关重要的认知功能方面经历了与年龄相关的下降。最近的研究试图通过指导驾驶员从事强制性预先设计的活动来研究参与非驾驶相关活动如何影响驾驶性能的年龄差异。虽然强制参与方法可精确控制非驾驶相关活动的时间和精神负荷，但它与驾驶员自然参与这些活动的方式不同。这项研究允许年轻（年龄18-35岁，平均年龄=19.9岁）和老年驾驶员（年龄62-81岁，平均年龄= 70.4岁）自由决定何时以及如何在有条件自动化的模拟驾驶过程中自愿选择非驾驶相关的活动。我们编码了参与者参与非驾驶相关活动的视频记录。我们研究了年龄，活动参与水平和接管通知间隔对车辆控制性能的影响，在接管过程中，通过比较年轻和老年司机的高和低参与组，在两个接管通知间隔条件。我们发现，在自动驾驶部分，年轻和年长的驾驶员都参与了各种与驾驶无关的活动，每个年龄组对活动类型有不同的偏好（即，年轻的司机大多使用电子设备，而年长的司机则倾向于匡威）。两个年龄组之间以及两个通知间隔之间在各种驾驶表现指标上也有显着差异。在对通知的响应时间方面，年龄较大的司机比年轻司机受益更多。自愿从事非驾驶相关活动并没有损害接管性能的一般，虽然有一个趋势，老年司机谁是更多地从事非驾驶相关的活动刹车比那些低活动参与接管期间。爱思唯尔有限公司出版
High-level vehicle automation has been proposed as a valuable means to enhance the mobility of older drivers, as older drivers experience age-related declines in many cognitive functions that are vital for safe driving. Recent research attempted to examine age differences in how engagement in non-driving related activities impact driving performance, by instructing drivers to engage in mandatory pre-designed activities. While the mandatory engagement method allows a precise control of the timing and mental workload of the non-driving-related activities, it is different from how a driver would naturally engage in these activities. This study allowed younger (age 18-35, mean age =19.9 years) and older drivers (age 62-81, mean age = 70.4years) to freely decide when and how to engage in voluntarily chosen non-driving-related activities during simulated driving with conditional automation. We coded video recordings of participants' engagement in non-driving-related activities. We examined the effect of age, level of activity-engagement and takeover notification interval on vehicle control performance during the takeover, by comparing between the high and low engagement groups in younger and older drivers, across two takeover notification interval conditions. We found that both younger and older drivers engaged in various non-driving-related activities during the automated driving portion, with distinct preferences on the type of activity for each age group (i.e., while younger drivers mostly used an electronic device, older drivers tended to converse). There were also significant differences between the two age groups and between the two notification intervals on various driving performance measures. Older drivers benefited more than younger drivers from the longer interval in terms of response time to notifications. Voluntary engagement in non-driving-related activities did not impair takeover performance in general, although there was a trend of older drivers who were more engaged in non-driving-related activities braking harder than those with low activity-engagement during the takeover. Published by Elsevier Ltd.