Functional constraints in the evolution of brain circuits.
Functional constraints in the evolution of brain circuits.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2015.00303
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Aboitiz F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bosman CA;Aboitiz F
不管主要的解剖学和神经发育的差异，脊椎动物的isocortex显示了一个非常保守的组织。在同皮层，兴奋性和抑制性神经元之间的相互连接分布在多个层中，包括信息处理过程中的模块化，动态和循环功能网络。这些动态的大脑网络通常组织在通过节律相位关系相互作用的神经元组件中。因此，这些振荡的相互作用在多个大脑尺度水平上被观察到，并且它们与几个感觉、运动和认知过程相关联。最值得注意的是，在脊椎动物的整个谱系中也发现了振荡相互作用。然而，尚不清楚为什么这种功能组织在进化中如此保守。从这个角度来看，我们提出了一些想法，如何的功能要求的isocortex可以占在脊椎动物的微电路中观察到的进化稳定性。我们认为，isocortex架构代表典型的微电路产生的：（i）早期选择的神经元架构的基础上振荡兴奋抑制平衡，从而导致实施区室化振荡和（ii）随后出现的推理编码策略（预测编码），这是能够扩大计算能力。我们还认为，这些功能的限制可能是几个优势的结果，振荡活动有助于大脑网络的过程，如信息传输和代码的可靠性。通过这种方式，不同脊椎动物群体之间的中尺度大脑回路和输入输出组织的相似性可能反映了这些功能要求所施加的进化约束，这些功能要求可能可以或不可以追溯到共同的祖先。
Regardless of major anatomical and neurodevelopmental differences, the vertebrate isocortex shows a remarkably well-conserved organization. In the isocortex, reciprocal connections between excitatory and inhibitory neurons are distributed across multiple layers, encompassing modular, dynamical and recurrent functional networks during information processing. These dynamical brain networks are often organized in neuronal assemblies interacting through rhythmic phase relationships. Accordingly, these oscillatory interactions are observed across multiple brain scale levels, and they are associated with several sensory, motor, and cognitive processes. Most notably, oscillatory interactions are also found in the complete spectrum of vertebrates. Yet, it is unknown why this functional organization is so well conserved in evolution. In this perspective, we propose some ideas about how functional requirements of the isocortex can account for the evolutionary stability observed in microcircuits across vertebrates. We argue that isocortex architectures represent canonical microcircuits resulting from: (i) the early selection of neuronal architectures based on the oscillatory excitatory-inhibitory balance, which lead to the implementation of compartmentalized oscillations and (ii) the subsequent emergence of inferential coding strategies (predictive coding), which are able to expand computational capacities. We also argue that these functional constraints may be the result of several advantages that oscillatory activity contributes to brain network processes, such as information transmission and code reliability. In this manner, similarities in mesoscale brain circuitry and input-output organization between different vertebrate groups may reflect evolutionary constraints imposed by these functional requirements, which may or may not be traceable to a common ancestor.