Planning in Human Children (Homo sapiens) Assessed by Maze Problems on the Touch Screen
Planning in Human Children (Homo sapiens) Assessed by Maze Problems on the Touch Screen
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DOI：
10.1037/a0012890
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发表时间：
2009-02-01
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Fujita, Kazuo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miyata, Hiromitsu;Itakura, Shoji;Fujita, Kazuo
作者研究了人类儿童如何在触摸屏上执行迷宫任务，以及儿童是否计划迷宫的解决方案。在实验1中，作者将3岁左右的儿童暴露在迷宫中，迷宫中有一条L形线作为障碍，可以通过用手指将狗（目标）的插图移动到骨头（目标）来解决。参与者成功地解决了迷宫，通过采取有效的路线比机会更频繁，尽管作者没有发现任何证据表明在开始解决任务之前预览迷宫有助于他们的表现。在实验2中，使用加号形迷宫，作者发现，3岁和4岁的儿童在解决迷宫时计划和调整他们的动作，4岁的儿童比3岁的儿童表现出更高级和更高水平的计划。这些结果与作者先前在相同任务中测试的鸽子中发现的结果相似，这可能表明了跨分类群和发育阶段的行为水平上的规划能力的类比。
The authors examined how human children perform on maze tasks on the touch screen and whether the children plan the solution of the mazes. In Experiment 1, the authors exposed children around 3 years of age to a maze having an L-shaped line as a barrier that can be solved by moving an illustration of a dog (the target) to that of a bone (the goal) with their fingers. The participants successfully solved the maze by taking efficient routes more frequently than chance, although the authors found no evidence that a preview of the maze before starting to solve the task facilitated their performance. In Experiment 2, using a plus-shaped maze, the authors found that 3- and 4-year-old children plan and adjust their moves while solving the maze, with 4-year-olds showing more advanced and higher-level planning than 3-year-olds. Similarity of these results to what the authors previously found in pigeons tested in the same tasks may suggest an analogy for planning capacity in the behavioral level across taxa and developmental stages.