Mid- to long-term radiocesium wash-off from contaminated catchments at Chernobyl and Fukushima
Mid- to long-term radiocesium wash-off from contaminated catchments at Chernobyl and Fukushima
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DOI：
10.1016/j.watres.2020.116514
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发表时间：
2021-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
Derkach, Hrigoryi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Konoplev, Alexei;Kanivets, Volodymyr;Derkach, Hrigoryi
我们分析了由于1986年切尔诺贝利事故和2011年福岛第一核电站事故而受到污染的流域的中长期Cs-137洗涤物。提出了一个放射性核素淋洗的半经验扩散模型，以估计切尔诺贝利和福岛污染流域的溶解Cs-137和颗粒Cs-137的淋洗率；解释了这两个地区淋洗特征的差异，并预测了它们的长期趋势。该模型假定流域表层是河流泥沙的来源，表层土壤中放射性核素浓度可用一个简单的扩散方程来描述。福岛污染流域的颗粒物Cs-137的淋洗率似乎与切尔诺贝利的相当或略低。福岛流域溶解的Cs-137的淋洗率至少比切尔诺贝利流域低一个数量级，这主要是由于福岛河和切尔诺贝利河的Cs-137分配系数相差一个数量级。提出的放射性核素淋洗的半经验扩散模型令人满意地描述了切尔诺贝利和福岛核事故中Cs-137淋洗特征的时间趋势，可作为预测核事故后Cs-137淋洗的工具。(C)2020年提交人(S)。爱思唯尔有限公司出版。
We analyzed mid- to long-term Cs-137 wash-off from the catchments contaminated due to the Chernobyl accident in 1986 and the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in 2011. A semi-empirical diffusional model for radionuclide wash-off is proposed to enable estimation of the dissolved and particulate Cs-137 wash-off ratios for the Chernobyl and Fukushima contaminated catchments; the differences in the wash-off characteristics for these two regions are explained and their long-term trends predicted. The model is based on the premise that the catchment topsoil layer is the source of sediments in the rivers, and the radionuclide concentration in the topsoil can be described by a simple diffusion equation. The particulate Cs-137 wash-off ratios for the Fukushima contaminated catchments appear to be comparable or slightly lower than those for Chernobyl. The dissolved Cs-137 wash-off ratios for Fukushima catchments are at least an order of magnitude lower than those for Chernobyl, mainly due to an order of magnitude difference in the Cs-137 distribution coefficients for the Fukushima and Chernobyl rivers. The proposed semi-empirical diffusional model for radionuclide wash-off satisfactorily describes the temporal trends in the Cs-137 wash-off characteristics for both the Chernobyl and Fukushima cases, and can be used as a tool for predicting Cs-137 wash-off after a nuclear accident. (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.