MECHANISMS WHICH CONTRIBUTE TO THE LONG-TERM SURVIVAL OF SPORES OF BACILLUS SPECIES
MECHANISMS WHICH CONTRIBUTE TO THE LONG-TERM SURVIVAL OF SPORES OF BACILLUS SPECIES
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2672.1994.tb04357.x
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发表时间：
1994-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
SETLOW, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
SETLOW, P
芽孢杆菌属和梭菌属的细菌通常在一种或多种营养物变得限制生长时可以启动孢子形成过程。孢子形成的早期事件是细胞质的不均等分裂，产生小的和大的后代，每个后代都有完整的基因组。被称为“前孢子”的小隔间注定要成为成熟的孢子;被称为“母细胞”的大隔间吞噬前孢子，导致细胞（前孢子）在细胞（母细胞）中。最终，在一系列进一步的形态和生化变化之后，母细胞裂解，将成熟的孢子释放到环境中。成熟的孢子没有可检测到的代谢，即休眠，并且可以在没有外源营养的情况下存活极长时间，即使它们处于完全水合的环境中。虽然对后一种现象进行的仔细控制的长期研究很少，但> 80%的芽孢杆菌属物种孢子种群存活长达一年的情况并不少见（Slepecky和Leadbetter 1983; Setlow 1992）。同样，有研究表明孢子可以在自然界中存活更长的时间（100-2000年）（Gould 1983; Slepecky和Leadbetter 1983）。然而，在如此长的时间内显然没有详细的人口研究。
Bacteria of the genera Bacillus and Clostridium can initiate the process of sporulation, generally when one or more nutrients becomes limiting for growth. An early event in sporulation is an unequal division of the cytoplasm, giving rise to small and large progeny, each with a complete genome. The small compartment, termed the ‘forespore’, is destined to become the mature spore; the large compartment, termed ‘the mother cell’engulfs the forespore resulting in a cell (forespore) within a cell (mother cell). Eventually, after a series of further morphological and biochemical changes, the mother cell lyses, releasing the mature spore into the environment. Mature spores have no detectable metabolism, ie are dormant, and can survive for extremely long periods in the absence of exogenous nutrients, even when they are in a fully hydrated environment. While there are few carefully controlled long-term studies of the latter phenomenon, survival of> 80% of populations of spores of Bacillus species for periods of up to a year is not uncommon (Slepecky and Leadbetter 1983; Setlow 1992). Similarly, there are studies which indicate that spores can survive in nature for even longer periods (100-2000 years)(Gould 1983; Slepecky and Leadbetter 1983). However, there are obviously no detailed population studies over such long time periods.