Phase separation in biology; functional organization of a higher order.
Phase separation in biology; functional organization of a higher order.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12964-015-0125-7
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发表时间：
2016-01-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kriwacki RW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mitrea DM;Kriwacki RW
在真核细胞中，大分子被分割成有膜的隔间，在这些隔间中，一些大分子进一步组织成无膜的结构，称为无膜细胞器。后一种结构由蛋白质和核酸的非均相混合物组成，并通过类似于聚合物缩合的相分离现象进行组装。无膜细胞器是通过多价相互作用维持的动态结构，参与多种生物过程，其中许多参与RNA代谢。它们快速地与细胞环境交换成分，它们的性质很容易因环境提示而改变，通常涉及对胁迫信号的反应中的无膜细胞器。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了：(1)无膜细胞器的功能作用，(2)统一的结构和机械原理，它们的组装和拆卸，以及(3)在无膜细胞器的结构研究中已建立的和新兴的方法。
Inside eukaryotic cells, macromolecules are partitioned into membrane-bounded compartments and, within these, some are further organized into non-membrane-bounded structures termed membrane-less organelles. The latter structures are comprised of heterogeneous mixtures of proteins and nucleic acids and assemble through a phase separation phenomenon similar to polymer condensation. Membrane-less organelles are dynamic structures maintained through multivalent interactions that mediate diverse biological processes, many involved in RNA metabolism. They rapidly exchange components with the cellular milieu and their properties are readily altered in response to environmental cues, often implicating membrane-less organelles in responses to stress signaling. In this review, we discuss: (1) the functional roles of membrane-less organelles, (2) unifying structural and mechanistic principles that underlie their assembly and disassembly, and (3) established and emerging methods used in structural investigations of membrane-less organelles.