Risk of sick leave associated with outdoor air supply rate, humidification, and occupant complaints
Risk of sick leave associated with outdoor air supply rate, humidification, and occupant complaints
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DOI：
10.1034/j.1600-0668.2000.010004212.x
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发表时间：
2000-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Walters, MD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Milton, DK;Glencross, PM;Walters, MD
我们分析了 1994 年马萨诸塞州一家大型制造商 3,720 名小时工的病假情况，该制造商位于 40 栋建筑内，有 115 个独立通风的工作区域。公司记录确定了建筑特征和 IEQ 投诉。我们根据通风系统知识和工作区域子集的 CO2 测量结果，将室外空气供应评定为中度（约 25 cfm/人，12 Is(-1)）或高（约 50 cfm/人，24 Is(-1)）室外空气供应，并使用泊松回归分析受年龄、性别、资历、非因病缺勤时间、轮班、种族、拥挤和工作类型（办公室、办公室、工作场所）控制的病假。技术工人或制造工人）。我们发现病假增加与室外空气供应水平较低和 IEQ 投诉之间存在一致的关联。在办公室工作人员中，通风较低的地区短期病假的相对风险为 1.53（95% 置信度 1.22-1.92），在有 IEQ 投诉的地区为 1.52（1.18-1.97）。通风效果与 IEQ 投诉无关，在室外空气供应率较低的人群中，短期病假的归因风险为 35%。按目前建议的费率计算，宝丽来每位员工每年因通风而产生的病假费用估计为 480 美元。这些发现表明，通过增加通风，每位员工每年可净节省 400 美元。因此，目前推荐的室外空气供应水平可能与严重的发病率有关，并且全国范围内的生产力损失每年可能高达 228 亿美元。需要进一步研究 IEQ 对生产力和病假的影响以及这种明显关联的机制。
We analyzed 1994 sick leave for 3,720 hourly employees of a large Massachusetts manufacturer, in 40 buildings with 115 independently ventilated work areas. Corporate records identified building characteristics and IEQ complaints. We rated ventilation as moderate (approximate to 25 cfm/person, 12 Is(-1)) or high (approximate to 50 cfm/person, 24 Is(-1)) outdoor air supply based on knowledge of ventilation systems and CO2 measurements on a subset of work areas, and used Poisson regression to analyze sick leave controlled for age, gender, seniority, hours of non-illness absence, shift, ethnicity, crowding, and type of job (office, technical, or manufacturing worker). We found consistent associations of increased sick leave with lower levels of outdoor air supply and IEQ complaints. Among office workers, the relative risk for short-term sick leave was 1.53 (95% confidence 1.22-1.92) with lower ventilation, and 1.52 (1.18-1.97) in areas with IEQ complaints. The ef feet of ventilation was independent of IEQ complaints and among those exposed to lower outdoor air supply rates the attributable risk of short-term sick leave was 35%. The cost of sick leave attributable to ventilation at current recommended rates was estimated as $480 per employee per year at Polaroid. These findings suggest that net savings of $400 per employee per year may be obtained with increased ventilation. Thus, currently recommended levels of outdoor air supply may be associated with significant morbidity, and lost productivity on a national scale could be as much as $22.8 billion per year. Additional studies of IEQ impacts on productivity and sick leave, and the mechanisms underlying the apparent association are needed.