Ablation experiments on the labyrinth of the frog
Ablation experiments on the labyrinth of the frog
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DOI：
10.1152/ajplegacy.1925.75.1.155
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发表时间：
1925-12-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Tait, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
McNally, WJ;Tait, J
虽然经常在青蛙身上进行迷宫的完全消融，但迄今为止，这种动物还没有被用于迷宫的个别部分的差异消融或实验。青蛙的这个器官比鸽子或角鲨的要小得多，相应地，手术也更加困难。与此同时，在我们对旋转和加速进行了初步研究（泰特和麦克纳利（1925））之后，我们又迈出了明显的一步，即通过神经切除或其他方法，努力使青蛙迷宫的各个部分失去活动，以便确定这种动物相应的残疾。实践证明，在少数情况下，手术效果完全干净和锋利的局部消融是可能的（这些都是由WJ McN.进行的）。在一些初步的实验中，使用了美洲牛蛙（Rana catesbiana），但尽管它的迷宫更大，但事实证明，由于它们的颅骨相对柔软，更容易对Rana sylvatica和Rana pal进行手术，这里记录的实验只涉及这两个物种。手术技术。所有手术均采用乙醚麻醉。用乙醚浸湿海绵，将其与待麻醉的青蛙一起放入有盖的碗中。一旦青蛙仰面躺下而不翻身，它就处于麻醉状态，可以进行手术了。麻醉诱导时间为3 ~ 4分钟，效果持续2 ~ 3小时。所有的手术都在解剖显微镜下进行，显微镜上装有一盏特殊的小电灯来照明。这些器械包括牙钻和细勺，用于剔骨，眼针刀和埃瓦尔德剪，用于切除神经，还有一个特别安装的细电灼器，上面有不同形状和厚度的铂丝。为了在功能上消除半规管，采用了两种方法，1，神经进入壶腹的部分，2，壶腹烧灼神经的止点区域。第一种方法比较困难，因为在切开神经时，任何牵拉都容易造成损伤
Though total ablations of the labyrinth have frequently been carried out in the frog, this animal has not hitherto been used for differential ablations or experiments on individual parts of the labyrinth. In the frog that organ is considerably smaller than in a pigeon or in a dogfish, and the operations are correspondingly more difficult. At the same time it was an obvious step, after our preliminary work on rotation and acceleration-Tait and McNally (1925)-to endeavor, by nerve section or otherwise, to throw individual parts of the frog’s labyrinth out of action, in order to determine the corresponding disabilities of the animal. With practice it proved possible in a minority of the cases operated on to effect perfectly clean and sharp-cut local ablations (these were all carried out by WJ McN.). In some preliminary experiments the American bullfrog, Rana catesbiana, was used, but in spite of the larger size of its labyrinth it proved easier, because of their relatively softer cranial bones, to operate on Rana sylvatica and on Rana pal&r&, and the experiments here recorded refer exclusively to these two species. Operative technique. Ether anesthesia was used for all operations. A sponge is moistened with ether and put into a covered bowl with the frog to be anesthetised. So soon as the frog lies on its back without turning over it is sufficiently under the anesthetic to allow of operation. Induction of anesthesia takes 3 or 4 minutes and the effect lasts 2 or 3 hours. All operations were carried out under the dissecting microscope, to which a special little electric lamp was fitted for illumination. The instruments included dental drills and fine scoops for bone, eye-needle knives and Ewald’s scissors for nerve section, and a specially fitted fine electric cautery with platinum wires of different form and thickness. In order functionally to eliminate a semicircular canal two methods were used, 1, section of the nerve going to the ampulla, 2, cauterization of the ampulla over the area of insertion of the nerve. The first method is the more difficult, because in sectioning the nerve any pulling is apt to damage