Human Babesiosis: Pathogens, Prevalence, Diagnosis and Treatment.
Human Babesiosis: Pathogens, Prevalence, Diagnosis and Treatment.
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人类巴布西病：病原体，患病率，诊断和治疗。
DOI：
10.1007/s40588-015-0025-z
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发表时间：
2015-12
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Lobo CA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ord RL;Lobo CA
人类巴贝虫病是一种由巴贝虫属的原生动物寄生虫引起的人畜共患疾病，主要发生在美国东北部和中西部，由B引起。西欧为B.分歧者寄生虫是通过蜱虫叮咬传播的，当病媒从脊椎动物宿主身上吸血时，牛巴贝斯虫病的经济重要性是众所周知的。人类疾病的病理学是寄生虫侵入宿主红细胞的能力的直接结果。目前对人类巴贝斯虫病流行病学的理解是，许多感染保持无症状，特别是在年轻或免疫功能正常的个体中，并且严重病理学的负担存在于老年或免疫功能低下的个体中。然而，输血传播的巴贝斯虫病是对公共卫生的一个新的威胁，因为无症状携带者献血，而且目前还没有许可或受管制的测试来筛查血液制品中的这种病原体。在新的地理区域，如美国西北太平洋地区，通过东欧，进入中国的蜱传病例报告也在增加。此外，新的巴贝虫属（Babalypspp.）已在全球范围内被确定为严重人类巴贝西虫病的病原体，这表明这种疾病的流行病学正在迅速变化，显然人类巴贝西虫病是一个严重的公共卫生问题，需要密切监测和采取有效的干预措施。
Human babesiosis is a zoonotic disease caused by protozoan parasites of the Babesia genus, primarily in the Northeastern and Midwest United States due to B. microti, and Western Europe due to B. divergens. Parasites are transmitted by the bite of the ixodid tick when the vector takes a blood meal from the vertebrate host, and the economic importance of bovine babesiosis is well understood. The pathology of human disease is a direct result of the parasite’s ability to invade host’s red blood cells. The current understanding of human babesiosis epidemiology is that many infections remain asymptomatic, especially in younger or immune competent individuals, and the burden of severe pathology resides within older or immunocompromised individuals. However, transfusion-transmitted babesiosis is an emerging threat to public health as asymptomatic carriers donate blood and there are as yet no licensed or regulated tests to screen blood products for this pathogen. Reports of tick-borne cases within new geographical regions such as the Pacific Northwest of the US, through Eastern Europe, and into China are also on the rise. Further, new Babesia spp. have been identified globally as agents of severe human babesiosis, suggesting that the epidemiology of this disease is rapidly changing, and it is clear that human babesiosis is a serious public health concern that requires close monitoring and effective intervention measure.