Hierarchical Control Over Effortful Behavior by Rodent Medial Frontal Cortex: A Computational Model
Hierarchical Control Over Effortful Behavior by Rodent Medial Frontal Cortex: A Computational Model
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DOI：
10.1037/a0038339
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
McClure, Samuel M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Holroyd, Clay B.;McClure, Samuel M.
前扣带回皮质(ACC)是近年来研究的热点。虽然不同的理论将ACC的功能与冲突监控、奖励处理、行动选择、决策等联系在一起，但对ACC的损害大多会影响执行这些功能的任务的表现，这表明它们实际上并不是ACC所独有的。此外，大多数理论没有解决ACC损伤最显著的后果：在存在正常运动能力的情况下，动作生成能力变差。在这项研究中，我们开发了一个啮齿动物内侧前额叶皮质的计算模型，该模型解释了ACC损伤的行为后遗症，统一了许多归因于它的认知功能，并为认知控制研究中的一个悬而未决的问题提供了解决方案-控制系统如何确定和激励执行什么任务。这一理论源于对分级控制和学习的正式研究的最新进展，这些发展突出了当行动集合基于其共同的目标来表示时所提供的计算效率。根据这一位置，ACC利用奖励信息来选择任务，然后通过自上而下控制纹状体的动作选择来完成这些任务。计算模拟捕获了动物损伤数据，这些数据表明内侧前额叶皮质在调节身体和认知方面的努力。总体而言，这一理论为理解ACC在努力行为的层级组织中所起的关键作用提供了一个统一的理论框架。
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been the focus of intense research interest in recent years. Although separate theories relate ACC function variously to conflict monitoring, reward processing, action selection, decision making, and more, damage to the ACC mostly spares performance on tasks that exercise these functions, indicating that they are not in fact unique to the ACC. Further, most theories do not address the most salient consequence of ACC damage: impoverished action generation in the presence of normal motor ability. In this study we develop a computational model of the rodent medial prefrontal cortex that accounts for the behavioral sequelae of ACC damage, unifies many of the cognitive functions attributed to it, and provides a solution to an outstanding question in cognitive control research-how the control system determines and motivates what tasks to perform. The theory derives from recent developments in the formal study of hierarchical control and learning that highlight computational efficiencies afforded when collections of actions are represented based on their conjoint goals. According to this position, the ACC utilizes reward information to select tasks that are then accomplished through top-down control over action selection by the striatum. Computational simulations capture animal lesion data that implicate the medial prefrontal cortex in regulating physical and cognitive effort. Overall, this theory provides a unifying theoretical framework for understanding the ACC in terms of the pivotal role it plays in the hierarchical organization of effortful behavior.