THE FITNESS COSTS OF SENESCENCE - THE EVOLUTIONARY IMPORTANCE OF EVENTS IN EARLY ADULT LIFE
THE FITNESS COSTS OF SENESCENCE - THE EVOLUTIONARY IMPORTANCE OF EVENTS IN EARLY ADULT LIFE
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DOI：
10.1007/bf02214152
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发表时间：
1991-10-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
ABRAMS, PA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ABRAMS, PA
衰老导致的死亡率增加代表了有机体的适应性成本。本文开发了一种技术，用于确定在每个年龄段累积的成本比例。利用几种不同来源的关于人类老龄化的数据——古人类统计生命表和来自最近高死亡率社会的生命表——进行的各种分析都表明，在人类进化史的大部分时间里，老龄化的“健康成本”都很高，这主要是由于成年早期发生的生理变化。这些结果表明，基于进化论的关于衰老本质的预测应该用中年人的数据来检验。它们还暗示了衰老进化的“多效性”和“突变积累”理论对人类进化的相对重要性，以及关于死亡率和年龄之间关系的“Gompertz定律”的有效性。一项对非洲水牛生命表的分析表明，在其自然环境中，至少有一种非人类物种在成年早期衰老的代价相对较高。
The increased mortality caused by ageing represents a fitness cost to organisms. This paper develops techniques for determining the proportions of that cost that accrue at each age. A variety of analyses using several different sources of data on human ageing - palaeodemographic life tables and life tables from more recent societies with high mortality rates - all suggest that the 'fitness cost' of ageing was high during most of our evolutionary history, and was largely due to physiological changes occurring early in adult life. These results imply that predictions about the nature of senescence based on evolutionary theory should be tested using data from middle-aged individuals. They also have implications about the relative importances for human evolution of the 'pleiotropy' and 'mutation-accumulation' theories of the evolution of senescence, and for the validity of 'Gompertz' Law' for the shape of the relationship between mortality and age. An analysis of a life table of the African buffalo suggests that the costs of ageing early in adult life are relatively high in at least one non-human species in its natural environment.