OF THE EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR THEORIES OF PROBABILISTIC REINFORCEMENT
OF THE EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR THEORIES OF PROBABILISTIC REINFORCEMENT
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概率强化行为理论的实验分析
DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
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通讯作者：
J. E. Mazur
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. E. Mazur
在三个实验中，鸽子在两个选项中做出选择，这两个选项的强化概率和强化延迟都不同。啄一下红色的键会导致5秒的延迟，然后可能会出现延迟。在一个绿色键上啄一下，导致了一个调整延迟，然后是一个特定的延迟。这个延迟在试验中进行了调整，以估计一个无差异点，或者两个选择的持续时间大约相等。在实验1和2中，试验间隔在不同条件下变化，这些变化对选择没有系统性影响。在实验3中，选择红键后的刺激在不同条件下是不同的。在某些条件下，每次选择红色键后，红色室内灯亮5秒。在其他条件下，红色的houselight是目前对加强试验，但不对非加强试验。在后一种情况下，受试者对红键表现出更大的偏好。结果用于评估四种不同的概率加固理论。结果是最一致的观点，即一个概率的替代者的价值或有效性是由每个替代者在与概率的替代品相关的刺激的存在下花费的总时间来确定。根据这一观点，概率性干扰类似于在可变延迟之后递送的干扰。
In three experiments, pigeons chose between two alternatives that differed in the probability of reinforcement and the delay to reinforcement. A peck at a red key led to a delay of 5 s and then a possible reinforcer. A peck at a green key led to an adjusting delay and then a certain reinforcer. This delay was adjusted over trials so as to estimate an indifference point, or a duration at which the two alternatives were chosen about equally often. In Experiments 1 and 2, the intertrial interval was varied across conditions, and these variations had no systematic effects on choice. In Experiment 3, the stimuli that followed a choice of the red key differed across conditions. In some conditions, a red houselight was presented for 5 s after each choice of the red key. In other conditions, the red houselight was present on reinforced trials but not on nonreinforced trials. Subjects exhibited greater preference for the red key in the latter case. The results were used to evaluate four different theories of probabilistic reinforcement. The results were most consistent with the view that the value or effectiveness of a probabilistic reinforcer is determined by the total time per reinforcer spent in the presence of stimuli associated with the probabilistic alternative. According to this view, probabilistic reinforcers are analogous to reinforcers that are delivered after variable delays.