Mathematical Models in Crop Bioclimatology in the Former USSR (History, Achievements and Prospects)
Mathematical Models in Crop Bioclimatology in the Former USSR (History, Achievements and Prospects)
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前苏联作物生物气候学数学模型（历史、成就和前景）
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发表时间：
1996
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通讯作者：
O. Sirotenko
中科院分区：
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作者：
O. Sirotenko
农业及其相关学科正经历着快速的发展。数学不仅是描述研究结果并将其与理论概念联系起来的有用工具，而且越来越多的人支持它作为解决某些问题的唯一可能方法。就科学方法论而言，目前的情况可以定义为成熟阶段的开始，“正常”的科学研究方式占主导地位。在我们描述和解释自然环境与作物生产之间关系的方式中，可以看出三个发展阶段。在第一阶段，描述性方法盛行，天气（气候）条件和作物生产之间的关系在农学和植物生理学概念以及物理定性定律的基础上得到解释。这种描述性的方法被一种经验统计方法所取代，这种方法主要强调寻找黑箱- -作物天气系统- -投入和产出之间的直接关系。可以确定一个具体的日期，即前苏联开始发展解决作物环境问题的第三阶段，即当前阶段。1964年，两组作者发表了三篇论文：一方面是Budyko和Gandin (buddyko 1956； Budyko和Gandin 1964)，另一方面是Budagovsky， Nichiporovich和Ross （Budagovsky et al. 1964）。这些论文为作物生产的定量理论奠定了基础，导致了作物与环境关系从静态到动态的变化。
Agriculture and related scientific disciplines are undergoing a rapid evolution. Mathematics, rather than being just a useful tool for describing research results and correlating them with theoretical concepts,, has found growing support as the only possible approach to some problems. In terms of science methodology the current situation may be defined as the commencement of the maturity stage with the “normal” ways of conducting scientific research being dominant. Three development stages may be discerned in the ways In which we describe and explain relationships between the physical environment and crop production. In the first stage descriptive approaches prevailed, with relationships between weather (climatic) conditions and crop production being explained on the basis of agronomy and plant physiology concepts and qualitative laws of physics. This descriptive approach was replaced with an empirical statistical one which emphasized mostly the search for direct relations between input and output of a black box – the Crop–weather system. A specific date can be pinpointed when the former USSR initiated development of the third, current, stage in resolving crop-environment problems. In 1964 three papers were published by two groups of authors: Budyko and Gandin (Budyko 1956; Budyko and Gandin 1964) on the one hand, and Budagovsky, Nichiporovich and Ross (Budagovsky et al. 1964) on the other. These papers laid the groundwork for a quantitative theory of crop production, resulting in the change from a static to a dynamic presentation of crop–environment relationships.