BEHAVIORAL MASCULINIZATION IS INDEPENDENT OF GENITAL MASCULINIZATION IN PRENATALLY ANDROGENIZED FEMALE RHESUS MACAQUES
BEHAVIORAL MASCULINIZATION IS INDEPENDENT OF GENITAL MASCULINIZATION IN PRENATALLY ANDROGENIZED FEMALE RHESUS MACAQUES
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DOI：
10.1016/0018-506x(88)90058-x
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发表时间：
1988-12-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
MCBRAIR, MC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GOY, RW;BERCOVITCH, FB;MCBRAIR, MC
遗传性女性胎儿在妊娠早期（第 40 天至 64 天）或妊娠晚期（第 115 天至 139 天）经胎盘暴露于注射到母亲体内的丙酸睾酮。早期和晚期雄激素化雌性（分别为EAF和LAF）与正常雄性和雌性一起饲养，作为评估产前雄激素诱导的行为男性化程度的标准。 EAF 的生殖器被男性化，而 LAF 则没有。雄性和未经治疗的雌性在五项行为指标上存在明显差异：雄性表现出更多的母亲骑乘、更多的同伴骑乘、与同伴的更粗暴的玩耍、偏好主动与男性伙伴玩耍以及更少的母亲梳理。两种类型的产前雄激素化女性都没有表现出所有五种行为的男性化。与雌性相比，EAF表现出更多的母亲骑乘、更多的同伴骑乘、更少的母亲梳理行为，在粗暴的游戏中与雌性没有差异，并且没有表现出对男性伴侣的偏好。 LAF 与雌性一样，会梳理毛发，但不会骑乘母亲，也不会表现出对雄性伴侣的偏好；但与雌性不同的是，它们在同龄人中表现出更高的粗暴行为和攀爬行为。 EAF 显示青春期开始（初潮）有统计学上的显着延迟，但 LAF 却没有。雄性后代的母亲比雌性后代更频繁地检查其生殖器。 EAF 的母亲与雄性的母亲一样经常检查其后代的生殖器，但 LAF 的母亲却没有。母亲行为的任何方面都与对同龄人表现出的男性行为的数量或种类无关。我们对结果的解释是，生殖器男性化与那些表征青少年男性社会角色的行为特征的表达无关，并且在很大程度上无关。此外，作为青少年男性角色组成部分的个体行为特征受到雄激素的组织作用的独立调节，并且具有独立的关键期。在两个主要特征中，即越来越多的同龄人和与同龄人粗暴地玩耍，后者在产前后期对雄激素刺激的需求更大。
Genetic female fetuses were exposed transplacentally to testosterone propionate injected into their mothers either early (Days 40 through 64) or late (Days 115 through 139) in gestation. Early and late androgenized females (EAFs and LAFs, respectively) were raised with normal males and females that served as criteria for evaluating degree of behavioral masculinization induced by the prenatal androgen. EAFs were genitally virilized and LAFs were not. Males and untreated females differed reliably on five behavioral measures: males showed more mother-mounting, more peer-mounting, more rough play with peers, a preference for initiating play with male partners, and less grooming of mothers. Neither type of prenatally androgenized female showed masculinization of all five types of behavior. Compared with females, EAFs showed more mother-mounting, more peer-mounting, less mother-grooming, did not differ from females in rough play, and did not manifest a preference for male partners. LAFs, like females, groomed but did not mount their mothers, and did not show a preference for male partners; but unlike females they showed elevated rough play and mounting with peers. EAFs showed a statistically significant delay in puberty onset (menarche), but LAFs did not. Mothers inspected genitalia of their offspring more often if they were males than if they were females. Mothers of EAFs inspected their offspring''s genitalia as often as mothers of males, but mothers of LAFs did not. No aspect of maternal behavior was associated with either the amount or kind of masculine behavior shown toward peers. We interpret the results to mean that genital virilization is independent of, and largely irrelevant to, the expression of those behavioral traits that characterize the juvenile male social role. Moreover, the individual behavior traits that are components of the juvenile male role are independently regulated by the organizing actions of androgen and have separable critical periods. Of the two major traits, mounting peers and rough play with peers, the latter has a greater requirement for androgenic stimulation late in prenatal life.