From Bio-Prospecting to Field Assessment: The Case of Carvacrol Rich Essential Oil as a Potent Mosquito Larvicidal and Repellent Agent
From Bio-Prospecting to Field Assessment: The Case of Carvacrol Rich Essential Oil as a Potent Mosquito Larvicidal and Repellent Agent
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DOI：
10.3389/fevo.2018.00204
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发表时间：
2018-11-29
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Haroutounian, Serkos A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Evergetis, Epameinondas;Bellini, Romeo;Haroutounian, Serkos A.
当代立法倾向于增加对所有合成农药使用的限制，促进生物农药作为一种更安全的替代品。生物农药的生物勘探工作取得了成果，但很少达到工业界。本文阐述了我们的努力，图表的路径从实验室工作台到现场评估。八个地中海野生采集的食物提供的精油被评估为蚊子控制剂对亚洲虎蚊（白纹伊蚊）。唇形科植物香紫苏、牛至和穗花百里香的挥发油以香芹酚为主。所有表现出避蚊胺样驱蚊性能和总幼虫死亡率定义香芹酚丰富的精油（CREO）作为一个有前途的蚊子控制剂。牛至的一个商业变种。选择hirtum作为CREO来源，并进行剂量反应和生态毒性研究。我们已经发现了显著的杀幼虫（LC 90为58，747 mg/L）和驱避（0.2 μ L/cm（2））特性，但对Macrocyclops albidus也有严重的毒性（LC 90为12，806 mg/L）。最后一个数字是杀幼虫现场评估的极限;而驱避剂评估则使用最小指示值的两倍（0.4 μ L/cm（2））。CREO本身作为杀幼虫剂进行测试，并乳化用于驱避剂和杀幼虫田间活性。乳化CREO的空间驱避评估显示，在第1天的最大功效为86%，在接下来的2天中逐渐下降（81%，69%）。事实证明，乳化CREO和粗CREO都是有效的杀幼虫剂，就持久性而言，粗CREO（3周）略微超过乳化CREO（2周）。因此，乳化形式的CREO可以被认为是一种有前途的杀蚊幼虫和驱避剂，适用于预防和应急措施。
Contemporary legislation tends to increase limitation on the use of all synthetic pesticides, promoting bio-pesticides as a safer alternative. Bio-prospecting efforts for bio-pesticides provide results, which rarely reach the industry. Present essay elaborates on our efforts to chart the path from the laboratory bench to field assessment. Eight Mediterranean wild gathered foods provided the essential oils that were assessed as mosquito control agents against the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus). Three Lamiaceae essential oils, derived from Satureja thymbra, Origanum onites, and Thymbra spicata presented carvacrol as principal component. All exhibited DEET-like repellent performance and total larvae mortality defining the carvacrol rich essential oil (CREO) as a promising mosquito control agent. A commercial variety of Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum, was selected as CREO source and subjected to dose-response and eco-toxicity studies. We have found significant larvicidal (LC90 of 58,747 mg/L), and repellent (0.2 mu L/cm(2)) properties, but also severe toxicity (LC90 of 12,806 mg/L) against Macrocyclops albidus. This last figure was the limit for the larvicidal field assessment; while for the repellent evaluation was used double the minimum indication (0.4 mu L/cm(2)). CREO was tested per se as larvicidal agent, and emulsified for both repellent and larvicidal field activity. The emulsified CREO's spatial repellent assessment showed maximum efficacy of 86% in day 1 that gradually declined in the following 2 days (81%, 69%). Both emulsified and crude CREO proved to be efficient larvicidal agents, with crude CREO (3 weeks) overrunning slightly the emulsified (2 weeks) in terms of endurance. Conclusively, CREO in its emulsified form may be considered as a promising mosquito larvicidal and repellent agent, applicable in both precautionary and emergency response measures.