Can Archaeology Build a Dam? Sites and Politics in Turkey's Southeast Anatolia Project
Can Archaeology Build a Dam? Sites and Politics in Turkey's Southeast Anatolia Project
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考古学可以建造水坝吗？
DOI：
10.1558//jmea.2006.v19i2.231
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发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
D. Shoup
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Shoup
自1989年以来，土耳其的东南安纳托利亚项目在底格里斯河和幼发拉底河上建造了十几座大型水坝，淹没了数百公里的河谷，淹没了数千个考古遗址。矛盾的是，考古学被用作支持和反对大坝建设的论据。反对修建大坝的人坚持认为，这些遗址将被摧毁，而支持者则认为，修建大坝为打捞考古提供了资金。非考古学家主导了讨论，而考古学家通常回避政治立场。在我对两个案例研究的考察中，我认为这些立场都反映了考古学社会角色的不同概念，确定哪些是最具政治效力的，并探讨了GAP项目在考古学严重政治化的情况下的经验教训。最后，我就考古学家如何将他们的道德准则转化为决策工具提出了建议。
Since 1989, Turkey's Southeast Anatolia Project has constructed a dozen large dams on the Tigris and Euphrates, flooding hundreds of kilometers of river valley and inundating thousands of archaeological sites. Paradoxically, archaeology was used as an argument both for and against dam construction. Dam opponents insisted that sites would be destroyed, while proponents argued that dam construction provided funding for salvage archaeology. Non-archaeologists dominated the discussion, while archaeologists generally avoided political stances. In my examination of two case studies, I argue that each of these positions reflects a different conception of the social role of archaeology, identify which were the most politically effective, and explore the lessons of the GAP project for situations where archaeology is heavily politicized. Finally, I offer suggestions on how archaeologists can transform their ethical guidelines into decision-making tools.