Effect of Boron on Thymic Cytokine Expression, Hormone Secretion, Antioxidant Functions, Cell Proliferation, and Apoptosis Potential via the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases 1 and 2 Signaling Pathway
Effect of Boron on Thymic Cytokine Expression, Hormone Secretion, Antioxidant Functions, Cell Proliferation, and Apoptosis Potential via the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases 1 and 2 Signaling Pathway
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硼通过细胞外信号调节激酶 1 和 2 信号通路对胸腺细胞因子表达、激素分泌、抗氧化功能、细胞增殖和凋亡潜能的影响
DOI：
10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04069
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发表时间：
2017-12-27
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Li, Shenghe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jin, Erhui;Ren, Man;Li, Shenghe
硼是动物必需的微量元素。适当的硼补充可以促进胸腺发育;然而，高剂量的硼可导致不良反应并引起毒性。硼对动物机体的影响机制尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们研究了硼对大鼠胸腺细胞因子表达，胸腺素和胸腺生成素分泌，抗氧化功能，细胞增殖和凋亡，细胞外信号调节激酶1和2（ERK 1/2）通路的影响。我们发现，在饮用水中补充10和20 mg/L的硼显著提高了白细胞介素2（IL-2）、干扰素γ（IFN-γ）（IFN-γ）、白细胞介素4（IL-4）和胸腺素α 1在大鼠胸腺中的作用（p < 0.05），增加增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）阳性细胞数和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）浓度磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶（p-ERK）（p < 0.05），促进PCNA和ERKI/2 mRNA表达（p < 0.05）。caspase-3（+）细胞数及caspase-3 mRNA表达水平均降低（P < 0.05）。添加40、80和160 mg/L的硼对上述多项指标均无明显影响。相比之下，补充480和640 mg/L硼对大鼠的上述指标具有相反的作用，并升高了促炎细胞因子的水平，如白细胞介素6（IL-6），白细胞介素1 β（IL-1 β）和肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）（p < 0.05）。本研究表明，饮水中添加不同剂量的硼对胸腺细胞因子表达、激素分泌、抗氧化功能、细胞增殖和凋亡的影响呈U型剂量效应关系。具体而言，补充10和20 mg/L硼促进胸腺细胞增殖和增强胸腺功能。然而，补充480和640 mg/L硼抑制胸腺功能，并增加凋亡胸腺细胞的数量，表明硼对胸腺功能的影响可能是通过ERK 1/2信号通路引起的。
Boron is an essential trace element in animals. Appropriate boron supplementation can promote thymus development; however, a high dose of boron can lead to adverse effects and cause toxicity. The influencing mechanism of boron on the animal body remains unclear. In this study, we examined the effect of boron on cytokine expression, thymosin and thymopoietin secretion, antioxidant function, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) pathway in the thymus of rats. We found that supplementation with 10 and 20 mg/L boron to the drinking water significantly elevated levels of interleukin 2 (IL-2), interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin 4 (IL-4), and thymosin alpha 1 in the thymus of rats (p < 0.05), increased the number of positive proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA(+)) cells and concentrations of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) (p < 0.05), and promoted mRNA expression of PCNA and ERKI/2 in thymocytes (p < 0.05). However, the number of caspase-3(+) cells and the expression level of caspase-3 mRNA were reduced (p < 0.05). Supplementation with 40, 80, and 160 mg/L boron had no apparent effect on many of the above indicators. In contrast, supplementation with 480 and 640 mg/L boron had the opposite effect on the above indicators in rats and elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) (p < 0.05). Our study showed that supplementation of various doses of boron to the drinking water had a U-shaped dose effect relationship with thymic cytokine expression, hormone secretion, antioxidant function, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Specifically, supplementation with 10 and 20 mg/L boron promoted thymocyte proliferation and enhanced thymic functions. However, supplementation with 480 and 640 mg/L boron inhibited thymic functions and increased the number of apoptotic thymocytes, suggesting that the effects of boron on thymic functions may be caused via the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.