Long‐Term Field Fertilization Significantly Alters Community Structure of Ammonia‐Oxidizing Bacteria rather than Archaea in a Paddy Soil
Long‐Term Field Fertilization Significantly Alters Community Structure of Ammonia‐Oxidizing Bacteria rather than Archaea in a Paddy Soil
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DOI：
10.2136/sssaj2010.0434
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发表时间：
2011-07
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Yucheng Wu;Lu Lu-Lu;Baozhan Wang;Xiangui Lin;Jianguo Zhu;Z. Cai;Xiaoyuan Yan;Z. Jia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yucheng Wu;Lu Lu-Lu;Baozhan Wang;Xiangui Lin;Jianguo Zhu;Z. Cai;Xiaoyuan Yan;Z. Jia
长期田间施肥实验可能有助于了解NH 3 氧化细菌（AOB）和NH 3 氧化古菌（AOA）对土壤硝化作用的相对贡献。在这项研究中，AOB和AOA的丰度和组成在稻田地块（4×5 m）中进行了调查，这些稻田自1988年以来未接受施肥（CK），180 kg尿素N ha−1 yr−1（NPK），或180 kg尿素N加4500 kg水稻（Oryza sativa L.）秸秆ha −1 yr−1（NPK/OM）（每个有3个重复）地块）。我们的结果清楚地表明，与 CK 地块相比，长期施肥（22 年）显着改变了施肥地块内土壤中 AOB 而非 AOA 的群落结构。对编码氨单加氧酶亚基 A 的 amoA 基因进行定量聚合酶链反应分析表明，受精地块中的 AOB 比 CK 地块中的 AOB 丰度高 50 倍。 amoA 基因的变性梯度凝胶电泳指纹图谱表明 AOB 群落结构发生了巨大变化，导致受精地块中 AOB 高度富集，类似于 Nitrosospira 簇 3。相比之下，所有地块中 AOA 群落的种群规模和组成基本保持不变。此外，在细菌而非古菌 amoA 基因拷贝数与土壤中潜在硝化活性之间观察到正相关。 AOA和AOB对长期田间施肥的不同反应可能与NH 3 的有效性有关。我们的结果表明，在本研究测试的原位施肥稻田条件下，AOB 可能在大块土壤中发生的 NH 3 氧化中发挥主要作用。
Long-term field fertilization experiments may provide useful insight into the relative contributions of NH 3 –oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and NH 3 –oxidizing archaea (AOA) to soil nitrification. In this study, the abundance and composition of AOB and AOA were investigated in bulk soil from paddy field plots (4 by 5 m) that received no fertilization (CK), 180 kg urea N ha−1 yr −1 (NPK), or 180 kg urea N plus 4500 kg rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw ha −1 yr−1 (NPK/OM) since 1988 (each with three replicated plots). Our results clearly indicate that long-term fertilization (22 yr) significantly altered the community structure of AOB rather than AOA in the soil within fertilized plots compared with the CK plot. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of the amoA genes that encode the ammonia monooxygenase subunit A revealed that the AOB in the fertilized plots were 50 times more abundant than in the CK plot. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprinting of the amoA genes demonstrated a drastic shift in the AOB community structure, resulting in highly enriched AOB similar to Nitrosospira cluster 3 in the fertilized plots. In contrast, the population size and composition of the AOA community remained largely unchanged in all plots. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between the bacterial rather than archaeal amoA gene copy numbers and potential nitrification activity among the soils. The distinct responses of AOA and AOB to long-term field fertilization were probably related to the availability of NH 3 . Our results suggest that AOB might play major roles in the NH 3 oxidation that occurs in bulk soil under the in situ fertilized paddy field conditions tested in this study.