PHYLLODY IN ROSES
PHYLLODY IN ROSES
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玫瑰中的叶洛迪
DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. Philp
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Philp
Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe, the German poet best known for his work Faust, was also an astute botanical observer. In 1790, he described the strange appearance of rose flowers in which flower organs were replaced by leafand stem-like structures (Figure 1). These roses were an example of his theory that all the different plant organs borne on the stem are modifications of each other. In his words, “We may say with equal truth that a stamen is a diminished petal, or that a petal is an expanded stamen; that a sepal is a diminished stem-leaf in a more refined condition, or that a stem-leaf is a sepal in a state of expansion occasioned by crude juices.” In 1869, Maxwell T. Masters named the condition “phyllody” (fil-o-dee) in his book devoted to plant abnormalities. Two illustrations from Masters’ book are reproduced here that show roses in which the carpels (ovule-bearing structures) and sepals (bud leaves) are replaced by perfect leaves (Figures 2 and 3). For the most part, Goethe was correct in his theory; modern plant anatomy describes these organs as homologous. Foundation Plant Services (FPS), a department in the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences at the University of California, Davis, maintains a virustested rose collection containing over 400 rose varieties (Golino 2002). The authors, FPS plant pathologists, have seen phyllody regularly in a number of rose varieties over the years, and taken a special interest in monitoring this condition since phyllody is sometimes caused by phytoplasmas, a type of plant disease. They have also had inquiries from rose nurseries and rose growers about phyllody: Is it a disease or not? If it is a disease, can it spread? How can we determine if roses showing symptoms of phyllody are diseased? This article will review the phenomenon of phyllody in roses and discuss strategies for evaluating plants showing symptoms. Phyllody is a flower abnormality in which leaf-like structures replace flower organs. These often strange and startling flowers are formed when plant hormones are out of balance. Environmental conditions, water stress, insect damage, and infection by phytoplasmas and viruses can disrupt normal hormone production, inducing phyllody in many plant species. In roses, the most common cause is hot weather during the period
