What is schizophrenia?
What is schizophrenia?
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DOI：
10.4324/9780203420874_chapter_i
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发表时间：
2019-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
J. S. Strauss;M. B. Bowers;S. J. Keith;J. Wing
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. S. Strauss;M. B. Bowers;S. J. Keith;J. Wing
许多读这本书的人都是第一次了解精神分裂症，要么是因为他们关心的人最近被诊断出来，要么纯粹是出于学术兴趣。因此，我们的目标是描绘一个非常清晰和基本的混乱画面，并尽可能避免行话（尽管有时这是无法避免的）。然而，许多人对精神分裂症的第一印象是在他们遇到患有这种疾病的人之前形成的，通过电影，电视或文学的曝光。其中一些描述是对精神分裂症特定方面的公正和准确的描述，结合本书进行回顾可能会有所帮助，以帮助读者更全面地了解这种疾病（尽管没有一个在所有方面都是完美的）。例如，电影《美丽心灵》中约翰·纳什与精神分裂症斗争的某些方面，以及《独奏者》中纳撒尼尔·艾尔斯的某些方面，都与这些人对这种疾病的第一人称描述相符。精神分裂症的现实也在虚构的电影中得到了相当好的捕捉，如Clean，Shaven; Donnie Darko;和The Fisher King。然而，更常见的是，精神分裂症被作者和编剧以不切实际和不讨人喜欢的方式描绘，这增加了许多没有第一手疾病经验的人对这种疾病的耻辱和负面看法。我们将在“什么不是精神分裂症”一章的后面部分介绍这些错误的解释，但在这里，让我们继续描述有关这种疾病的主要事实。请记住，精神分裂症是最复杂和最多变的人类疾病之一。虽然这是一本关于精神分裂症的教科书，但没有精神分裂症的“教科书案例”。因此，你可能有时会发现你的母亲阅读这些事实和思想，“这听起来不像我所看到或经历的”。我们试图尽可能广泛地描绘精神分裂症的图景，以便读者在看到它时有最好的机会认识和理解精神分裂症。我们使用有关病例的轶事来说明这种疾病的特征，但这些可能与你看到的精神分裂症无关。
Many who pick up this book will be learning about schizophrenia for the first time, either because someone they care about has recently been diagnosed, or purely out of academic interest. As such, we aim to paint a very clear and basic picture of the disorder, and avoid jargon as much as possible (though sometimes this cannot be avoided). The first impression many people get about schizophrenia, however, is formed before they ever meet someone with the disorder, through exposure in films, television, or literature. Some of these portrayals are fair and accurate depictions of particular aspects of schizophrenia, and may be useful to review in combination with this book to help the reader develop a fuller picture of the disorder (though none is perfect in all regards). For example, some aspects of John Nash’s struggles with schizophrenia in the film A Beautiful Mind, and those of Nathaniel Ayers in The Soloist, ring true with these individuals’ first- person accounts of the disorder. The reality of schizophrenia has also been reasonably well captured in fictional films such as Clean, Shaven; Donnie Darko; and The Fisher King. Yet, far more commonly schizophrenia is portrayed in an unrealistic and unflattering light by authors and screenwriters, which adds to the stigma and negative views of the disorder held by many who have no first- hand experience of the illness. We will cover some examples of these faulty depictions later in the chapter ‘What is not schizophrenia’, but here, let us continue to describe the main facts about the disorder. Please keep in mind that schizophrenia is one of the most complicated and variable human disorders. Although this is a textbook on schizophrenia, there are no ‘textbook cases’ of schizophrenia. As such, you may sometimes find yourself reading these facts and thinking, ‘that doesn’t sound like what I’ve seen or experienced’. We try to paint as broad a picture of schizophrenia as possible to provide the reader with the best chance of recognizing and understanding schizophrenia when they see it. We use anecdotes about cases to illustrate features of the disorder, but these may not be relevant to the schizophrenia that you have seen.