Can citizen science enhance public understanding of science?
Can citizen science enhance public understanding of science?
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DOI：
10.1177/0963662515607406
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Enck, Jody W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bonney, Rick;Phillips, Tina B.;Enck, Jody W.
在过去的20年里，数以千计的公民科学项目在世界各地涌现，数百万人参与收集和/或处理数据。在这里，我们回顾了四类公民科学项目的记录成果，这些项目由参与者参与的活动的性质定义-数据收集，数据处理，基于课程和社区科学。我们发现了有力的证据，证明公民科学的科学成果是有据可查的，特别是在数据收集和数据处理项目中。我们发现有限的，但越来越多的证据表明，公民科学项目实现参与者在科学知识和过程的知识增益，提高公众对科学研究的多样性的认识，并提供更深层次的意义参与者的爱好。我们还发现一些证据表明，公民科学可以通过影响正在解决的问题和让人们在当地环境决策中发出声音来为社会福祉做出积极贡献。虽然并非所有的公民科学项目都旨在实现公众对科学、社会变革或改善科学与社会关系的更大程度的理解，但这些项目确实需要在四个主要类别中做出努力和投入资源：（1）项目设计，（2）成果衡量，（3）新受众的参与，以及（4）新的研究方向。
Over the past 20 years, thousands of citizen science projects engaging millions of participants in collecting and/or processing data have sprung up around the world. Here we review documented outcomes from four categories of citizen science projects which are defined by the nature of the activities in which their participants engage - Data Collection, Data Processing, Curriculum-based, and Community Science. We find strong evidence that scientific outcomes of citizen science are well documented, particularly for Data Collection and Data Processing projects. We find limited but growing evidence that citizen science projects achieve participant gains in knowledge about science knowledge and process, increase public awareness of the diversity of scientific research, and provide deeper meaning to participants' hobbies. We also find some evidence that citizen science can contribute positively to social well-being by influencing the questions that are being addressed and by giving people a voice in local environmental decision making. While not all citizen science projects are intended to achieve a greater degree of public understanding of science, social change, or improved science -society relationships, those projects that do require effort and resources in four main categories: (1) project design, (2) outcomes measurement, (3) engagement of new audiences, and (4) new directions for research.