ENSO Diversity from an Atmospheric Perspective
ENSO Diversity from an Atmospheric Perspective
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DOI：
10.1007/s40641-019-00138-7
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发表时间：
2019-06
影响因子：
9.5
通讯作者：
Y. Okumura
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Y. Okumura
厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）现象在振幅、模式和时间演变方面表现出相当大的多样性。综述了引起ENSO多样性的过程，重点讨论了大气反馈的作用。最新发现由于热带太平洋气候的纬向和纬向不对称性，大气对海表温度（SST）异常的响应是高度非线性的。这导致厄尔尼诺现象的幅度和模式的多样性，以及厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜现象的模式和持续时间的不对称性。与热带太平洋年代际变率相关的大气对流变化可以调节ENSO多样性。此外，在印度洋和大西洋的变化提供了额外的来源ENSO多样性，通过泛热带调整大气convention.SummaryThe大气反馈的复杂性起着重要的作用，在ENSO多样性，但在Bjerknes反馈表示不足。在定义SST距平时，适当增加对流阈值有助于在一个统一的框架内解释ENSO多样性的各种特征。
Purpose of ReviewThe El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon exhibits considerable diversity in the amplitude, pattern, and temporal evolution. The processes causing ENSO diversity are reviewed with focus on the role of atmospheric feedback.Recent FindingsDue to the zonal and meridional asymmetry in tropical Pacific climate, atmospheric response to sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies is highly nonlinear. This leads to diversity in the amplitude and pattern of El Niño, as well as asymmetry in the pattern and duration of El Niño and La Niña. Atmospheric convection changes associated with tropical Pacific decadal variability may modulate ENSO diversity. Furthermore, variability in the Indian and Atlantic Oceans provides additional sources of ENSO diversity through pan-tropical adjustments of atmospheric convection.SummaryThe complexity of atmospheric feedback plays an important role in ENSO diversity, but is poorly represented in the Bjerknes feedback. Incorporating convective threshold in defining SST anomalies may help explain various features of ENSO diversity in a unified framework.