Forest fragmentation and the conservation of raptors: A survey on the island of Java
Forest fragmentation and the conservation of raptors: A survey on the island of Java
复制标题
森林破碎化与猛禽保护：爪哇岛调查
DOI：
10.1016/0006-3207(88)90018-3
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发表时间：
1988
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
B. Meyburg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Thiollay;B. Meyburg
爪哇的天然森林覆盖率现在已减少为非常孤立的小块，这仍然是许多特有物种唯一合适的栖息地。本次调查的目的是评估十种森林隼形目动物的分布和种群规模，其中包括濒临灭绝的爪哇鹰雕（Spizaetus bartelsi）。对面积从 5 至 500 平方公里的五个主要森林保护区进行了研究。在这10个物种中，有4个物种仅限于低海拔森林（1500m以下），并且由于消失而现在非常本地化。有六个物种广泛利用森林保护区周围的次生栖息地，因此不易受到森林改变和破碎化的影响。这里的所有森林猛禽都表现出所谓“岛屿综合症”的一些特征，即广泛的分布和栖息地生态位以及相当高的密度。因此，相当多的种群可以在相对较小的区域内生存。但保护区的规模与所有物种的丰度指数之间存在正相关关系。两种森林鹰雕（S. bartelsi 和 Hieraaetus kienerii）的最小活动范围可能约为 20-30 平方公里，并且可能无法在小于 20 至 100 平方公里的森林斑块中生存。每个保护区目前的种群数量至少为 8 至 10 对，可被视为可生存种群的最小临界规模。面积小于 300 平方公里的保护区无法容纳所有森林猛禽的生存种群。因此，必须在现有网络中增加额外的受良好保护的保护区，为所有物种提供更好的生存前景。 以前在爪哇发现的其他七种开放或水生物种现在似乎已大幅减少，其中一些可能在岛上濒临灭绝。
The natural forest cover of Java is now reduced to small, very isolated fragments which remain the only suitable habitats for a number of endemic species. The aim of this survey was to assess the distribution and population size of the ten forest Falconiforms, including the endangered Java hawk eagle,Spizaetus bartelsi. Five of the main forest reserves, ranging from 5 to 500 km2, were studied. Among the ten species, four are restricted to low altitude forest (below 1500m) and are now very local because of its disappearance. Six species are making wide use of secondary habitats around forest reserves and are thus less susceptible to forest alteration and fragmentation. All the forest raptors here show some attributes of the so-called ‘syndrome of insularity’, i.e. wide distribution and habitat niche as well as rather high densities. So sizable populations can survive in relatively small patches. But there is a positive correlation between the size of the reserve and the abundance index of all species. The two forest hawk eagles (S. bartelsiandHieraaetus kienerii) may have minimum home range sizes of about 20–30 km2and may not survive in forest patches smaller than 20 to 100 km2. Their present population of at least 8 to 10 pairs per reserve may be considered as the minimum critical size for a viable population. Reserves of less than 300 km2cannot include viable populations of every forest raptor. So additional well protected reserves must be added to the present network, to provide a better prospect of survival for all the species.Seven other, open or aquatic species, formerly known from Java, seem now to have decreased dramatically and some of them may be on the verge of extinction on the island.