Opportunities and challenges for high-quality biodiversity tissue archives in the age of long-read sequencing
Opportunities and challenges for high-quality biodiversity tissue archives in the age of long-read sequencing
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DOI：
10.1111/mec.15909
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发表时间：
2021-05-03
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Blom, Mozes P. K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Blom, Mozes P. K.
在全基因组范围内表征遗传变异的技术能力为研究促进和维持生物多样性的遗传基础和进化机制提供了前所未有的机会。从短读测序到长读测序的转变特别有希望，并且可以更全面地了解遗传多样性在时间和空间上的任何变化。长读测序具有巨大的潜力，但测序的成功在很大程度上取决于DNA分子的长期完整性，因此取决于高质量组织样本的可用性。随着基因组实验范围的扩大和野生种群以前所未有的速度同时消失，获取高质量样本可能很快成为许多项目的主要关注点。因此，迫切需要高质量的生物多样性组织档案，但采样和保存高质量的样本并不是一项微不足道的工作。在这篇综述中，我将简要概述长读测序如何有利于分子生态学的研究，这将如何大大增加对高质量组织的需求，以及为什么保持DNA完整性具有挑战性。然后，我将概述保存方法，并呼吁支持承认收集高质量组织档案所需的努力。在这样做的同时，我希望能激励现场生物学家扩大采样实践和分子生物学家开发（成本）有效的指导方针的采样和长期储存的组织。需要协调一致的跨学科努力，对当代生物多样性的遗传变异进行编目，并最终为未来的研究提供关键资源。
The technological ability to characterize genetic variation at a genome-wide scale provides an unprecedented opportunity to study the genetic underpinnings and evolutionary mechanisms that promote and sustain biodiversity. The transition from short- to long-read sequencing is particularly promising and allows a more holistic view on any changes in genetic diversity across time and space. Long-read sequencing has tremendous potential but sequencing success strongly depends on the long-range integrity of DNA molecules and therefore on the availability of high-quality tissue samples. With the scope of genomic experiments expanding and wild populations simultaneously disappearing at an unprecedented rate, access to high-quality samples may soon be a major concern for many projects. The need for high-quality biodiversity tissue archives is therefore urgent but sampling and preserving high-quality samples is not a trivial exercise. In this review, I will briefly outline how long-read sequencing can benefit the study of molecular ecology, how this will substantially increase the demand for high-quality tissues and why it is challenging to preserve DNA integrity. I will then provide an overview of preservation approaches and end with a call for support to acknowledge the efforts needed to assemble high-quality tissue archives. In doing so, I hope to simultaneously motivate field biologists to expand sampling practices and molecular biologists to develop (cost) efficient guidelines for the sampling and long-term storage of tissues. A concerted, interdisciplinary, effort is needed to catalogue the genetic variation underlying contemporary biodiversity and will eventually provide a critical resource for future studies.