Overdose deaths involving psychostimulants with abuse potential, excluding cocaine: State-level differences and the role of opioids
Overdose deaths involving psychostimulants with abuse potential, excluding cocaine: State-level differences and the role of opioids
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DOI：
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108384
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发表时间：
2021-01-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Huang, Ying
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cano, Manuel;Huang, Ying
背景资料：在过去的十年中，美国（US）报告的精神兴奋剂（如甲基苯丙胺）过量死亡事件越来越多。甲基苯丙胺的使用最近上升的个人谁使用阿片类药物，但目前还不清楚阿片类药物的危机发挥了什么作用，在增加精神兴奋剂涉及过量死亡率在美国各州。方法：死亡率数据从疾病控制和预防中心被用来检查最近的州一级的变化，过量死亡涉及滥用潜力的精神兴奋剂，可卡因除外。按州比较了精神兴奋剂涉及的过量死亡率、死亡率变化和阿片类药物共同参与，并绘制在choropleth图上。普通最小二乘回归分析被用来测试一个州的精神兴奋剂涉及的过量死亡率的变化和几个国家级指标与阿片类药物crisis.Results相关的关联：从2015/2016-2017/2018，在47个州的42个有数据可查的精神兴奋剂涉及的过量死亡率显着增加。研究中检查的三个州一级指标中的每一个（2012年阿片类药物处方率，2015年至2018年阿片类药物使用障碍的上年患病率，以及1999年至2012年阿片类药物危机早期阶段药物过量死亡率的增加）与2015/ 2016年精神兴奋剂相关过量死亡率的绝对变化呈正相关-结论：虽然涉及甲基苯丙胺的死亡在历史上主要集中在美国西部，但研究结果反映了全国范围内涉及精神兴奋剂的过量死亡率的惊人增长，特别是在一些受阿片类药物危机严重影响的州。
Background: Over the course of the past decade, psychostimulants such as methamphetamines have been increasingly reported in overdose deaths in the United States (US). Methamphetamine use has recently risen among individuals who use opioids, yet it is unclear what role the opioid crisis has played in the increase in psychostimulant-involved overdose mortality in states across the US.Methods: Mortality data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were used to examine recent statelevel changes in overdose deaths involving psychostimulants with abuse potential, excluding cocaine. Psychostimulant-involved overdose mortality rates, changes in rates, and opioid co-involvement were compared by state and plotted on choropleth maps. Ordinary least squares regression analyses were used to test the associations between a state's psychostimulant-involved overdose mortality rate change and several state-level indicators related to the opioid crisis.Results: From 2015/2016-2017/2018, significant increases in psychostimulant-involved overdose mortality rates were observed in 42 of 47 states with data available. Each of the three state-level indicators examined in the study (opioid prescribing rate in 2012, past-year prevalence of opioid use disorder from 2015 2018, and increase in drug overdose mortality during the earliest stages of the opioid crisis from 1999 2012) was positively associated with the absolute rate change in psychostimulant-involved overdose mortality from 2015/ 2016-2017/2018.Conclusions: Although deaths involving methamphetamine have historically been primarily concentrated in the western US, results of the study reflect the alarming increase in psychostimulant-involved overdose mortality across the nation, especially in some of the states heavily impacted by the opioid crisis.