AN INTRODUCTION TO FREE-RADICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
AN INTRODUCTION TO FREE-RADICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
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DOI：
10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072625
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发表时间：
1993-07-01
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
SLATER, TF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
CHEESEMAN, KH;SLATER, TF
自由基是具有不成对电子的化学物质，可以被视为分子碎片，并且通常具有很强的反应性。它们在细胞中连续产生，或者作为新陈代谢的偶然副产品，或者在吞噬作用等过程中故意产生。有氧细胞中自由基生物化学中最重要的反应物是氧及其自由基衍生物（超氧化物和羟基自由基）、过氧化氢和过渡金属。细胞已经形成了一系列全面的抗氧化防御系统，以防止自由基的形成或限制其破坏作用。其中包括分解过氧化物的酶、螯合过渡金属的蛋白质以及一系列“清除”自由基的化合物。细胞内形成的反应性自由基可以氧化生物分子并导致细胞死亡和组织损伤。由于自由基的寿命很短，因此确定自由基在疾病发病机制中的参与极其困难。
Free radicals are chemical species possessing an unpaired electron that can be considered as fragments of molecules and which are generally very reactive. They are produced continuously in cells either as accidental by-products of metabolism or deliberately during, for example, phagocytosis. The most important reactants in free radical biochemistry in aerobic cells are oxygen and its radical derivatives (superoxide and hydroxyl radical), hydrogen peroxide and transition metals. Cells have developed a comprehensive array of antioxidant defences to prevent free radical formation or limit their damaging effects. These include enzymes to decompose peroxides, proteins to sequester transition metals and a range of compounds to 'scavenge' free radicals. Reactive free radicals formed within cells can oxidise biomolecules and lead to cell death and tissue injury. Establishing the involvement of free radicals in the pathogenesis of a disease is extremely difficult due to the short lifetimes of these species.