Open Waste Canals as Potential Sources of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Aerosols in Urban Kanpur, India
Open Waste Canals as Potential Sources of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Aerosols in Urban Kanpur, India
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DOI：
10.4269/ajtmh.20-1222
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发表时间：
2021-05-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Brown, Joe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ginn, Olivia;Berendes, David;Brown, Joe
了解环境中抗菌素耐药基因（ARG）的运动对于管理其传播至关重要。为了评估潜在的ARG运输通过空气中的城市生物气溶胶在城市卫生条件差，我们量化的ARG和移动的整合子（MI）在环境空气中的时期跨越雨季和旱季在坎普尔，印度（n = 53），开放的污水渠（OWC）是普遍的。基因靶标代表主要抗生素组-四环素类（tetA）、氟喹啉类（qnrB）和β-内酰胺类（blaTEM）-以及1类移动的整合子（intI 1）。在坎普尔，超过一半的空气样本位于粪便污染的OWC（n = 45）附近和1公里处，可检测的目标高于实验确定的检测限（LOD）：最常见的是intI 1和tetA（分别占样本的56%和51%），其次是blaTEM（8.9%）和qnrB（0%）。这些阳性空气样本中的ARG和MI密度范围为6.9 x 101至5.2 x 103基因拷贝/m3空气。大多数（7/8）控制样本收集1公里以外的OWC是阴性的任何目标。在比较实验样品与对照样品，我们发现，intI 1和tetA在空气中的密度显着较高（P = 0.04和P = 0.01，分别为，α = 0.05）附近的实验室确认的粪便污染的沃茨比在控制网站。这些数据表明，在卫生条件不佳的城市环境中，生物气溶胶中的ARG和MIs密度增加。在这种情况下，气溶胶可能在AR的传播中发挥作用。
Understanding the movement of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment is critical to managing their spread. To assess potential ARG transport through the air via urban bioaerosols in cities with poor sanitation, we quantified ARGs and a mobile integron (MI) in ambient air over periods spanning rainy and dry seasons in Kanpur, India (n = 53), where open wastewater canals (OWCs) are prevalent. Gene targets represented major antibiotic groups-tetracyclines (tetA), fluoroquinolines (qnrB), and beta-lactams (blaTEM)-and a class 1 mobile integron (intI1). Over half of air samples located near, and up to 1 km from OWCs with fecal contamination (n = 45) in Kanpur had detectable targets above the experimentally determined limits of detection (LOD): most commonly intI1 and tetA (56% and 51% of samples, respectively), followed by blaTEM (8.9%) and qnrB (0%). ARG and MI densities in these positive air samples ranged from 6.9 x 101 to 5.2 x 103 gene copies/m3 air. Most (7/8) control samples collected 1 km away from OWCs were negative for any targets. In comparing experimental samples with control samples, we found that intI1 and tetA densities in air are significantly higher (P = 0.04 and P = 0.01, respectively, alpha = 0.05) near laboratory-confirmed fecal contaminated waters than at the control site. These data suggest increased densities of ARGs and MIs in bioaerosols in urban environments with inadequate sanitation. In such settings, aerosols may play a role in the spread of AR.