The effects of varying contextual demands on age-related positive gaze preferences.
The effects of varying contextual demands on age-related positive gaze preferences.
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不同的背景需求对与年龄相关的积极凝视偏好的影响。
DOI：
10.1037/a0039233
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Isaacowitz,DerekM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Noh,SooRim;Isaacowitz,DerekM
尽管有许多关于年龄相关的积极效应及其在视觉注意中的作用的研究，但关于是否需要充分注意才能出现年龄相关的差异，仍然存在分歧。本研究通过改变情绪处理的情境要求，对这一问题采取了一种新的方法。这是通过增加感知干扰来实现的，比如视觉和听觉噪音，这些干扰会破坏注意力控制。年轻和年长的参与者观看了一对对快乐中性和恐惧中性的面孔，同时记录了他们的眼球运动。面部刺激要么没有噪音，要么嵌入在视觉噪音（低、中、高）的背景中，要么同时显示听觉杂音。老年人表现出积极的凝视偏好，看快乐的脸，远离恐惧的脸；然而，他们的凝视偏好往往受到视觉噪音水平的影响。具体来说，在低水平和中等水平的视觉噪音条件下，不看恐惧面孔的倾向并不存在，但在高水平的视觉噪音条件下，这种倾向就存在了。然而，值得注意的是，在高视觉噪声条件下，存在外部线索以促进情绪信息的处理。此外，当老年人第一次在分散注意力的环境中观看情绪激动的面孔时，他们的积极凝视偏好消失或减少。目前的结果表明，积极的凝视偏好可能不太可能发生在干扰视觉注意力控制的分散环境中。
Despite many studies on the age-related positivity effect and its role in visual attention, discrepancies remain regarding whether full attention is required for age-related differences to emerge. The present study took a new approach to this question by varying the contextual demands of emotion processing. This was done by adding perceptual distractions, such as visual and auditory noise, that could disrupt attentional control. Younger and older participants viewed pairs of happy–neutral and fearful–neutral faces while their eye movements were recorded. Facial stimuli were shown either without noise, embedded in a background of visual noise (low, medium, or high), or with simultaneous auditory babble. Older adults showed positive gaze preferences, looking toward happy faces and away from fearful faces; however, their gaze preferences tended to be influenced by the level of visual noise. Specifically, the tendency to look away from fearful faces was not present in conditions with low and medium levels of visual noise but was present when there were high levels of visual noise. It is important to note, however, that in the high-visual-noise condition, external cues were present to facilitate the processing of emotional information. In addition, older adults’ positive gaze preferences disappeared or were reduced when they first viewed emotional faces within a distracting context. The current results indicate that positive gaze preferences may be less likely to occur in distracting contexts that disrupt control of visual attention.