Effects of the Spatial Spectrum on the Perception of Reflective and Refractive Materials
Effects of the Spatial Spectrum on the Perception of Reflective and Refractive Materials
复制标题
空间光谱对反射和折射材料感知的影响
DOI：
10.1167/19.10.243a
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Todd, James T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Phillips, Flip;Norman, J Farley;Todd, James T
高反射和折射材料，如宝石，抛光金属，闪闪发光的水，釉面陶瓷等，作为人类视觉奇迹的试金石。虽然这可能只是表明一个“闪闪发光的好！”虽然这一机制起源于史前，但问题仍然是人类视觉系统如何使用这些信息来识别材料。自15世纪以来，画家（如货车艾克，赫达，Claesz）已经敏锐地意识到这些材料的描绘。即使是当代的喜剧插画家也优先通过“lucaflection”（莫特步行者）等外延机制来描绘这种现象学。直觉上，我们很容易将物质感知的提升归因于物质的镜面反射性。事实上，透明性和不透明性似乎是我们日常使用材料的特殊情况，其中绝大多数似乎相对不透明。然而，它们通常并不像它们看起来那样不透明（例如葡萄），即使是那些完全不透明的，也会与光线发生表面下的相互作用，从而导致复杂的描绘。在一系列的实验中，我们表明，照明环境的空间组成对表面上不透明的材料制成的非平凡物体的材料感知有很强的影响。宽（即低频主导）照明场导致基准黑色材料被感知为“金属”，而稀疏场（小的，孤立的高频信息）使金属的感知偏向于“黑色塑料”。对透明和半透明材质的初步研究表明，同样的机制可能也在起作用-折射环境信息的结构比镜面高光的结构起着更重要的作用。最后，照明环境的多尺度分析表明，聚类与表面的经验感知印象比与实际表面材料更一致。
Highly reflective and refractive materials such as gemstones, polished metals, shimmering water, glazed ceramics and the like, act as touchstones of visual wonder for humans. While this might simply be indicative of a “sparkly good!” mechanism of prehistoric origin, the question remains how the human visual system uses this information to identify materials. Since the 15th century, painters (eg, van Eyck, Heda, Claesz) have been acutely aware of the depiction of these materials. Even contemporary comic illustrators make it a priority to depict this phenomenology via denotative mechanisms like’lucaflection’(Mort Walker). It is intuitively tempting to assign the heavy lifting of material perception to the specularity of the material. Indeed, transparency and translucency seem to be special cases of our day-to-day experiences with materials—the vast majority of which that seem relatively opaque. However they are frequently not as opaque as they may seem (grapes, for example) and even those that are completely so still have sub-surface interactions with light that make for complicated depiction. In a series of experiments we show that the spatial composition of the illuminating environment has a strong effect on material perception of non-trivial objects made from ostensibly opaque materials. Broad (ie, low-frequency dominant) fields of illumination result in fiducially black materials to be perceived as ‘metal’while sparse fields (small, isolated high frequency information) biased perception of metal toward ‘black plastic’. Preliminary work with transparent and translucent materials suggests the same mechanisms may be at work—The structure of refracted environmental information plays an even more significant role than that of the specular highlights. Finally, multi-scale analysis of the illumination environment shows clustering more consistent with the empirical perceptual impressions of the surface than with the actual surface material.