THE UNUSUAL ENZYMOLOGY OF ATP SYNTHASE
THE UNUSUAL ENZYMOLOGY OF ATP SYNTHASE
复制标题
DOI：
10.1021/bi00400a001
复制
发表时间：
1987-12-29
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
BOYER, PD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BOYER, PD
从已知的代谢途径和世界生物量的范围来看，我估计三磷酸腺苷及其形成的ADP和P参与的化学反应比地球表面除水以外的任何其他化合物都多。一种多亚单位酶复合体，显著的ATP合成酶，负责大部分的ATP合成。这种普遍存在的酶由一个称为F0的跨膜部分和一个称为Fv的附着部分组成，当从膜上分离出来时，F‘部分起着ATPase的作用。叶绿体、线粒体和好氧微生物膜中的酶在光磷酸化或氧化磷酸化过程中形成三磷酸腺苷；在厌氧生物中，酶利用三磷酸腺苷来产生膜电位或pH梯度。许多研究人员利用化学、物理和遗传探针的共同努力，已经对合成酶的亚基组成、三级和四级结构、催化机制和调控有了相当深入的了解。它的结构和机制特征相当不寻常，因此对于那些想要更广泛地了解酶结构-功能关系的人以及专注的生物能量学家来说是有兴趣的。这篇简短的综述提供了一个关于结构和机制、不寻常的特征和尚未解决的问题的视角。
From known metabolic pathways and the extent of the world’s biomass, I estimate that ATP and the ADP and P¡ from which it is formed participate in more chemical reactions than any other compounds on the earth’s surface except water. A multisubunit enzyme complex, the remarkable ATP synthase, is responsible for most of the ATP synthesis. Thisubiquitous enzyme consists of a transmembrane portion, called F0, and an attached portion, called Fv The F¡ portion when detached from the membrane acts as an ATPase. The enzyme in membranes of chloroplasts, mitochondria, and aerobic mi-croorganisms forms ATP in photophosphorylation or oxidative phosphorylation; in anaerobes the enzyme uses ATP to create a membrane potential or pH gradient. The combined efforts of many investigators, using chemical, physical, and genetic probes, have given considerable insight into the subunit composition, tertiary and quaternary structure, catalytic mechanism, and regulation of the synthase. Its structural and mechanistic characteristics are quite unusual and are thus of interest to those wanting a wider perspective of enzyme structure-function relationships as well as to the dedicated bioenergeticist. This short review gives a perspective of the structure and mechanism, of the unusual features, and of problems not yet resolved.