Vegetation dynamics and human activities over the past 1300 years revealed by pollen record at the Tongguan kilns, lower Xiangjiang River, China
Vegetation dynamics and human activities over the past 1300 years revealed by pollen record at the Tongguan kilns, lower Xiangjiang River, China
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湘江下游潼关窑花粉记录揭示近1300年来植被动态和人类活动
DOI：
10.1016/j.quaint.2020.09.023
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发表时间：
--
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Aipeng Guo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yuanyuan Guo;Longjiang Mao;Duowen Mo;Junwu Shu;Aipeng Guo
湘江流域在过去的两千年里经历了密集的经济和文化活动。特别是唐代陶瓷生产的繁荣，对当地的环境产生了深远的影响。然而，缺乏古生态和考古研究的历史生产地点和周围阻碍了我们的理解之间的关系，人类活动和植被动态在这一地区。通过对铜官窑石竹坪剖面的分析，并结合孢粉学研究，重建了该地区1300年来人类活动对植被动态的影响。结果表明，约2000年，以青冈栎和栎为主的万年青落叶阔叶混交林为优势植被类型。1300 a BP. 1300 ~ 950 aBP，乔木花粉含量显著减少，草本花粉含量显著增加。后者可能是由于这一时期气候日益干旱，人类活动加剧。由于瓷器生产的繁荣，燃料需求增加，导致大规模的木材砍伐和森林砍伐。950-600 a BP，湿地植物花粉含量显著增加，其中水生植物（以莎草科和香蒲属为主）、蕨类植物和淡水藻类花粉含量显著增加，表明湿地处于相对湿润的环境中，湿地面积扩大。然而，由于前一阶段人口的快速增长导致了严重的植被破坏和耕地面积的扩大，该地区的植被在这一阶段的有利气候条件下并没有经历明显的恢复。600 aBP以来，松属植物的含量显著增加，超过了阔叶树的含量，表明潼关窑周围的山地和/或丘陵地带已经建立了次生松林。此外，与人类有关的花粉类型百分比的增加反映了人类对环境的影响越来越大。研究表明，自1300 a BP以来，铜官窑地区的原生植被受到人类活动的严重影响，尤其是瓷器生产活动和农业开垦活动，导致了区域人地关系的恶化。
The Xiangjiang River region witnessed intensive economic and cultural activities in the past two millennia. In particular, the thriving ceramic production during the Tang Dynasty had a far-reaching impact on the local environment. However, the lack of palaeo-ecological and archaeological research at and around historical production sites hinders our understanding on the relationship between human activities and vegetation dynamics in this region. We examined the Shizhuping (SZP) profile at the Tongguan kilns, and conducted palynological analysis to reconstruct vegetation dynamics in response to human activities in the study area over the past 1300 years. Our results showed that mixed evergreen and deciduous broadleaf forest, which was primarily composed ofCyclobalanopsisandQuercus,was the dominant vegetation type at ca. 1300 a BP. From 1300 to 950 a BP, the percentage of arboreal pollen reduced considerably, while the percentage of pollen of herbaceous plant species including Poaceae,Artemisia, andAstertypes increased significantly. The latter might be attributed to an increasingly arid climate, and intensified human activities during this period. Increased fuel demand due to the thriving porcelain production led to large scale wood logging and deforestation. During 950–600 a BP the percentage of pollen of plant species growing in wet habitats including hydrophytes (mainly Cyperaceae andTypha), ferns and freshwater algae increased significantly, which suggested a relatively wet condition and expansion of wetlands. However, due to the severe devegetation and the expansion of cultivated lands caused by rapid population growth from the previous phase, vegetation in this area did not experience an evident restoration under the favorable climate at this stage. Since 600 a BP, the content ofPinusincreased significantly, exceeding that of broadleaf trees, which demonstrated that secondary pine forest was established in the mountain and/or hills around the Tongguan kilns. In addition, the increase in the percentages of human-related pollen types reflected the growing anthropogenic impact on the environment. We concluded that the native vegetation in the Tongguan kilns area had been severely affected by human activities especially porcelain production activity and agricultural reclamation since 1300 a BP, resulting in a deteriorating regional human-land relationship.