Dialect Death. The Case of Brule Spanish
Dialect Death. The Case of Brule Spanish
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方言死亡。
DOI：
10.1177/136700699800200309
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发表时间：
1998
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
G. Demello
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Demello
在18世纪世纪的最后十年，西班牙招募了加那利群岛人来定居路易斯安那州的一些地区，后来当路易斯安那州被转移到法国和美国的所有权时，西班牙放弃了他们。成立了两个团体，Zslefios，在圣伯纳德教区（县），和Bidis，进一步内陆，在Ascension教区。作者介绍了对后一个群体--Brules（发音为"bru lis“，来自法语brirli，”烧毁“，因为土地被烧毁，为新的农场做准备）说的西班牙语的研究，他们中的极少数人的后代仍然说一种残留的西班牙语方言，“与它的姐妹方言有着显著的相似之处.以及加那利群岛祖先的现代对应物，”尽管“它与这些祖先中的每一个都有明显的区别”（第九章）。由于该方言的剩余使用者不到10人，而且年龄较大，因此Brule方言很快就会消失，作者的主要目标是在其消失之前记录其语言特征。霍洛威在试图获得和采访线人并记录数据时遇到了困难。说布鲁语的人之所以被如此认可，并不是因为语言的因素（即使在家里也没有人习惯使用布鲁西班牙语），而是因为血缘关系，因为几乎所有的布鲁居民都是血亲。虽然有几个社区成员能够提供宝贵的历史或社会文化信息，但要找到仍然保留一些方言知识的顾问特别困难。最后一组被调查者共有8人，其中包括3名“记忆者”（从未完全掌握Brule西班牙语，只记得孤立的单词和固定短语）、4名“serni-speakers”（理解能力很强，但口语能力有限）和1名“双语者”（能够理解和使用英语和Brule西班牙语）。在简短的录音采访中使用了对话和直接诱导技术，每次采访都有一个或多个线人（很少超过tivo），在十个月的时间内对Brule地区进行了多次访问。其中一个线人在建立联系和鼓励其他线人在他们的西班牙语范围内更公开、更充分地说话方面特别有价值。
In the last decade of the 18th century, Spain recruited Canary Islanders to settle areas of Louisiana and later abandoned them when Louisiana was transferred to French and then American ownership. Two groups were established, the Zslefios, in St. Bernard parish (county), and the Bidis, further inland, in Ascension parish. The author presents a study of the Spanish spoken by the latter group, the Brules (pronounced [‘bru lis], from French brirli, ‘burned’ since the land was burned in preparation for new farms), a very small number of whose descendants still speak a vestigial dialect of Spanish which “bears remarkable similarities to its sister dialect ... and to the modern counterparts of its Canary Island ancestors,” although “it is clearly distinguishable from each of these” (p ix ) . Since the remaining speakers of this dialect number less than ten and are advanced in years, the Brule dialect will soon be lost, and the author’s primary goal is to document its linguistic characteristics before it disappears. Holloway encountered difficulties in his attempt to secure and interview informants and record data. Brule speakers are so recognized not as a factor of language (no one habitually uses Brule Spanish even at home), but rather through kinship, inasmuch as practically all Brule dwellers are blood relatives. Although several community members were able to provide valuable historical or sociocultural information, it was particularly difficult to locate consultants who still retained some knowledge of the dialect. The final group of informants numbered eight, composed of three “rememberers” (never fully competent in Brule Spanish and remembered only isolated words and fixed phrases), four “serni-speakers” (substantial comprehension skills but restricted speaking competence), and one “bilingual” (ability to understand and produce both English and Brule Spanish). Conversational and direct elicitation techniques were used in brief tape-recorded interviews, each with one or t\vo informants (rarely more than tivo), carried out in numerous visits to the Brule area over a ten-month period. One of the inforniants was particularly .valuable in establishing contacts and in encouraging the other informants to speak more openly and fully within the limits of their Brule Spanish.