BULK SEGREGANT TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS BASED DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF DROUGHT RESPONSE GENES IN MAIZE-猫眼课题宝

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2020

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作者：

K. Zhou;Xi Zeng;Binglin Zhang;M. Aslam;H. Xin;Wei-Jie Liu;H. Zou

植物在生长发育过程中必须克服各种环境挑战才能生存。干旱、寒冷、炎热和盐度等非生物胁迫是影响作物生产和威胁粮食安全的主要因素（Zhu, 2016）。玉米作为世界上重要的谷类作物，在巩固世界粮食安全方面发挥着至关重要的作用（Strable and Scanlon, 2009）。然而，干旱胁迫是玉米生产的主要限制因素（Gong et al., 2014）。在发育阶段，苗期对脱水更为敏感。严重的干旱胁迫导致玉米幼苗生长迟缓，导致死亡（Peleg和Blumwald， 2011）。了解玉米幼苗，特别是耐旱性优良品种的干旱胁迫响应策略，将为提高玉米的耐旱性提供重要线索。植物激素包括脱落酸（ABA）、细胞分裂素（CK）、生长素（IAA）、油菜素内酯（BR）、水杨酸（SA）和乙烯（ET）参与了植物对干旱胁迫的响应。其中，ABA通过调节水分流失和调节基因表达，在干旱胁迫响应中发挥核心作用（Golldack et al., 2011）。ABA的合成依赖于NCED和ABA3/LOS5等催化酶（Nambara and Marion-Poll, 2005; Peleg and Blumwald, 2011）。在番茄中，转基因植株通过过表达LeNCED1显著提高了ABA积累和抗旱能力（Thompson et al., 2007）。同样，SgNCED1过表达可以增强烟草叶片中ABA的积累，提高烟草对干旱胁迫的耐受性（Zhang et al., 2008）。ABA3/ lo5基因在转基因水稻中的过表达可调节其减少干旱危害（Xiong et al., 2001）。在干旱胁迫下，AP2/EREBP （APETALA2/乙烯响应元件结合蛋白）、bZIP（碱性区/亮氨酸拉链基序）、NAC （NAM、ATAF和CUC）和MYB （v-myb禽成髓细胞病病毒癌基因同源物）等转录因子的诱导调节下游基因的表达，增强植物对非生物胁迫的耐受性。例如，大豆根系遭受干旱胁迫后，转录因子MYBJ7、BZIP50、c2h2和nac2的表达水平增加（Pereira et al., 2011）。SNAC2基因的过表达增强了水稻的抗旱能力（Hu et al., 2008）。转基因拟南芥通过过表达玉米转录因子ZmMYB3R增强了对干旱的耐受性（Wu et al., 2019）。转录因子是植物向Pak转化的重要分子机制。j·阿勒。科学。，卷57(4),909-923；2020 ISSN (Print) 0552-9034, ISSN (Online) 2076-0906 DOI: 10.21162/PAKJAS/20.9899 http://www.pakjas.com.pk

Plants must overcome various environmental challenges to survive during growth and development. Abiotic stresses like drought, cold, heat and salinity are the major factors having adverse effects on crop production and threat to food security (Zhu, 2016). As a important cereal crop in the world, maize plays crucial role in consolidating world food security (Strable and Scanlon, 2009). However, drought stress is the main limiting factor for production of maize (Gong et al., 2014). During developmental phases, the seedling stage is much more sensitive to dehydration. Severe drought stress causes stunted growth leading to death of maize seedling (Peleg and Blumwald, 2011). Understanding of strategies involved in drought stress responses in maize seedlings, especially the cultivars with excellent drought tolerance, will provide considerable clues to improve the drought tolerance of maize. Phytohormones including abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinin (CK), auxin (IAA), brassinosteriods (BR), salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene (ET) were found involved in drought stress response in plants. Among them, ABA plays central roles in drought stress responses by regulating water loss and adjusting the gene expression (Golldack et al., 2011). The synthesis of ABA rely on catalytic enzymes such as NCED and ABA3/LOS5 (Nambara and Marion-Poll, 2005; Peleg and Blumwald, 2011). In tomato, ABA accumulation and the ability of drought tolerance were significantly increased by overexpressing of LeNCED1 in transgenic plants (Thompson et al., 2007). Similarly, the overexpression of SgNCED1 could enhance the accumulation of ABA in leaves and improve the tolerance to drought stress in tobacco (Zhang et al., 2008). ABA3/LOS5has been modulated for reducing drought damage by overexpressing in transgenic rice (Xiong et al., 2001). During drought stress, induction of transcription factors (TFs) such as AP2/EREBP (APETALA2/ethylene-responsive element binding proteins), bZIP (basic region/leucine zipper motif), NAC (NAM, ATAF and CUC) and MYB (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog) regulates the expression of down stream genes and enhances tolerance to abiotic stresses in plants. For example, the expression levels of transcription factors MYBJ7, BZIP50, C2H2and NAC2increasedafter imposition of drought stress in soybean roots (Pereira et al., 2011). Overexpression of the gene SNAC2 enhanced the ability of drought tolerance in rice (Hu et al., 2008).Tolerance to drought was enhanced by overexpressing the maize transcription factor ZmMYB3R in transgenic Arabidopsis (Wu et al., 2019).Transcription factors are an important molecular mechanism for plants to Pak. J. Agri. Sci., Vol. 57(4), 909-923; 2020 ISSN (Print) 0552-9034, ISSN (Online) 2076-0906 DOI: 10.21162/PAKJAS/20.9899 http://www.pakjas.com.pk

BULK SEGREGANT TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS BASED DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF DROUGHT RESPONSE GENES IN MAIZE

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