Unpacking Policy Capacity: Issues and Themes
Unpacking Policy Capacity: Issues and Themes
复制标题
解析政策能力：问题和主题
DOI：
10.1057/9780230524194_1
复制
发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
J. Pierre
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Painter;J. Pierre
一个有趣的谜题围绕着现代国家的政策能力问题。一方面，对于各种各样的政治问题和部门，市场解决方案越来越受到重视。对政治制度的怀疑和批评也越来越多，民选官员和政治机构的支持率下降就是明证。可以说，西方世界许多国家的行政改革通过向下转移政治体系中的政治和机构能力，向外转移到机构和非政府组织，或向上转移到欧洲联盟(EU)等跨国机构体系，从而消除了国家的一些政策能力(Pierre和Peters，2000；Rhodes，1997)。这些发展中的许多在其他地方也很明显。例如，在亚洲金融危机之后，东亚“发展国家”的一些特征--通常被描述为表现出高水平的能力--受到了质疑(Haggard，2000)。近年来，权力下放、新形式的问责和透明度以及其他改革已经逐渐削弱了其中一些州的国家能力的旧支柱。许多国家的首要目标是“让国家倒退”，让其他参与者发挥更大的作用。鉴于政府倾向于发挥最小的作用，政策能力并不是重中之重，或许甚至不是一个值得探讨的问题，因为它是过去国家模式的典型代表。
An interesting puzzle surrounds the issue of the policy capacity of the modern state. On the one hand, there has been a growing emphasis on market solutions for a wide variety of issues and sectors of politics. There has also been growing scepticism about and critiques of the political system, as demonstrated by falling support for elected officials and political institutions. Administrative reforms in much of the Western world have arguably removed some of the policy capacity of the state by displacing political and institutional capacity downwards in the political system, outwards to agencies and NGOs, or upwards to transnational institutional systems such as the European Union (EU) (Pierre and Peters, 2000; Rhodes, 1997). Many of these developments have also been evident elsewhere. For example after the Asian financial crisis some features of ‘developmental states’ in East Asia — which are often depicted as exhibiting high levels of capacity — came into question (Haggard, 2000). In recent years decentralization, new forms of accountability and transparency and other reforms have chipped away at the old pillars of state capacity in a number of these states. An overarching objective in many countries is to ‘roll back the state’ and allow other actors to play a greater role. Given the preference for a minimal role by the state, policy capacity is not a top priority, perhaps not even an issue worthy of inquiry, because it is typical of a state model of times past.