Intervening sequences of regularly spaced prokaryotic repeats derive from foreign genetic elements
Intervening sequences of regularly spaced prokaryotic repeats derive from foreign genetic elements
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DOI：
10.1007/s00239-004-0046-3
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发表时间：
2005-02-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Soria, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mojica, FJM;Díez-Villaseñor, C;Soria, E
原核生物包含短的DNA重复序列，称为CRISPR，可以通过反复单元之间存在的常规间距来识别。它们代表了原核基因组中分布最广泛的重复系列，这表明生物学功能。目前未知的中间序列的起源可以提供有关其生物活性的线索。在这里，我们表明CRISPR间隔者源自染色体或透射遗传元素（例如噬菌体和共轭质粒）的序列序列。值得注意的是，这些外染色体元件无法感染特定的间隔载液菌株，这意味着CRISPR与靶向DNA的免疫力之间存在关系。噬菌体和共轭质粒参与原核种群控制，进化和致病性。所有这些生物学特征可能会受到特定隔离剂的存在。 CRISPR基因座可以看到为重复单元的镶嵌物，在细胞中其他地方的某个时间被序列隔开。
Prokaryotes contain short DNA repeats known as CRISPR, recognizable by the regular spacing existing between the recurring units. They represent the most widely distributed family of repeats among prokaryotic genomes, suggesting a biological function. The origin of the intervening sequences, at present unknown, could provide clues about their biological activities. Here we show that CRISPR spacers derive from preexisting sequences, either chromosomal or within transmissible genetic elements such as bacteriophages and conjugative plasmids. Remarkably, these extrachromosomal elements fail to infect the specific spacer-carrier strain, implying a relationship between CRISPR and immunity against targeted DNA. Bacteriophages and conjugative plasmids are involved in prokaryotic population control, evolution, and pathogenicity. All these biological traits could be influenced by the presence of specific spacers. CRISPR loci can be visualized as mosaics of a repeated unit, separated by sequences at some time present elsewhere in the cell.