Coseismic damage runs deep in continental strike-slip faults

Coseismic damage runs deep in continental strike-slip faults
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同震损伤深入大陆走滑断层

DOI:
10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116226
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Yates, Martin G.
Yates, Martin G.
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Song, Bo Ra;Johnson, Scott E.;Song, Won Joon;Gerbi, Cristopher C.;Yates, Martin G.

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同震断层外损伤和粉化作用显著影响断层的力学和输运性质,进而影响断层的破裂动力学。虽然基于现场的,实验室和数值研究有助于阐明现代走滑断层附近的破坏带的结构,这些区域的垂直范围仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。为了解决这个问题,我们分析了来自沙丘角剪切带的破碎石榴石的粒度分布和微裂缝密度,沙丘角剪切带是从摩擦到粘性过渡深度(400-500 °C)挖掘出的一条古老的地震走滑断层系统。剪切带内有假玄武玻璃岩和糜棱岩相互叠加,并与石英长石和片岩单元并列。石英长石质和片岩单元的内部(距岩性接触面分别为1.63 m和1.55 m宽)的二维D值≥1.5,这表明破裂扩展过程中发生了动态破碎。与粒度分布分析相似,石榴石的微裂缝密度数据显示,每个单元中,微裂缝密度朝着岩心逐渐但不对称地增加。我们的研究结果表明,同震损害延伸到基地的孕震区在成熟的走滑断层,和不对称分布的损害可能表明优先破裂方向性建议为一些现代走滑断层。
Coseismic off-fault damage and pulverization significantly influence the mechanical and transport properties, and in turn the rupture dynamics of faults. Although field-based, laboratory, and numerical studies help elucidate the structure of damage zones adjacent to modern strike-slip faults, the vertical extent of these zones remains an open question. To address this question, we analyzed particle size distribution and microfracture density of fragmented garnets from the Sandhill Corner shear zone, a strand of an ancient, seismogenic, strike-slip fault system exhumed from frictional-to-viscous transition depths (400–500 °C). The shear zone has mutually overprinting pseudotachylyte and mylonite, and juxtaposes quartzofeldspathic and schist units. The inner parts of the quartzofeldspathic and schist units (∼63 m and ∼5 m wide from the lithologic contact, respectively) have two-dimensionalD-values ≥1.5, which indicates dynamic fragmentation during rupture propagation. Similar to the particle size distribution analysis, microfracture density data from the garnets show progressive but asymmetric increase toward the core in each unit. Our results suggest that coseismic damage extends down to the base of the seismogenic zone in mature strike-slip faults, and the asymmetric distribution of damage may indicate preferred rupture directivity as proposed for some modern strike-slip faults.
次火山岩浆角砾岩的分形分析和热弹性建模:破碎后部分熔融和热断裂在碎屑尺寸分布中的作用
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