Card Crusaders, Cash Infidels and the Holy Grails of Digital Financial Inclusion
Card Crusaders, Cash Infidels and the Holy Grails of Digital Financial Inclusion
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信用卡十字军、现金异教徒和数字金融普惠的圣杯
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发表时间：
2016
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通讯作者：
Philip Mader
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作者：
Philip Mader
本文分析了发展政策总体上向普惠金融的转变，特别是向数字货币和现金终结的转变。它审视了以利润为导向的工作逻辑，并对将穷人的钱数字化所引发的道德运动提出了关键问题。报告首先讨论了为什么普惠金融在全球发展议程上取代了小额信贷，并为贫困融资领域带来了新的实践和参与者。它展示了金融普惠如何修改了贫困金融背后的变化理论，金融中介而不是创收现在被视为对减贫至关重要，并分析和解释了特别强调促进无现金支付系统的原因。越来越明显的是，强大的行动者联盟（银行卡斗士）正聚集在一起，推动终结现金，并将穷人的钱完全数字化。这些十字军战士追求三个圣杯：利用日常交易成本，利用穷人产生的大数据进行销售和分析，以及对穷人的钱施加更大的政府权力。这就对通过普惠金融赋权的可能性提出了严重质疑。
This paper analyses the turn toward financial inclusion in general, and toward digital money and the end of cash in particular, in development policy. It examines the profit-oriented logics at work and raises critical questions about the moral crusade being waged over digitalising poor people’s money. It begins with a discussion of why financial inclusion has displaced microfinance on global development agendas, and is bringing new practices and players to the space of poverty finance. It shows how financial inclusion modifies the theory of change underlying poverty finance, with financial intermediation rather than income generation now being seen as crucial to poverty alleviation, and analyses and explains the particular emphasis on promoting cashless payment systems. As becomes evident, powerful actor coalitions (card crusaders) are assembling to push for an end of cash and the full digitalisation of poor people’s money. These crusaders pursue three holy grails: to capitalise on everyday transaction costs, to use big data generated by the poor for sale and analysis, and to exert greater governmental over poor people’s money. This raises serious questions about the possibility of empowerment through financial inclusion.