Thermoregulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Formation
Thermoregulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Formation
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铜绿假单胞菌生物被膜形成的体温调节
DOI：
10.1128/aem.01584-20
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发表时间：
2020-11-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Lee, Joon-Hee
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kim, Suran;Li, Xi-Hui;Lee, Joon-Hee
我们研究了温度对铜绿假单胞菌生物膜形成的影响，发现温度低于25 ℃时，生物膜形成迅速增加。铜绿假单胞菌在20摄氏度时形成了最坚固的生物膜，具有明显的蘑菇状结构。然而，当温度升高到25 ℃时，生物膜形成迅速减少。在25 ℃以上，随着温度的升高，生物膜的形成再次一点一点地增加，尽管其结构形式较少，表明25 ℃是生物膜形成的低点。随着温度从20 ℃升高到25 ℃，细胞内的3 '，5'-环二鸟苷酸（c-di-GMP）水平也迅速下降。分别编码Pel、藻酸盐和Psl的pelA、algD和pslA的表达水平也受到温度的显著影响，其中pelA以与细胞内c-di-GMP水平相似的模式被调节，并且algD调节所见的模式与实际生物膜形成模式最相似。总胞外多糖的产生受温度调节，并遵循c-di-GMP的调节模式。有趣的是，生物膜形成中的温度调节模式根据铜绿假单胞菌的菌株而不同。与PA 01不同，另一种菌株PA 14在20至37 ℃范围内显示出生物膜形成和c-di-GMP的逐渐减少，并且铜绿假单胞菌临床分离株在生物膜形成方面也显示出与温度变化相关的略微不同的模式，这表明不同的菌株可能感知到生物膜形成的不同温度范围。然而，很明显，铜绿假单胞菌在较低的温度下形成更多的生物膜，温度是决定生物膜形成的重要因素。重要信息生物膜形成是大多数微生物使用的重要保护机制，为细胞提供许多优势，如高感染性，抗生素抗性和强的生存能力。由于大多数持续性细菌感染被认为与生物膜有关，生物膜控制是医学，环境工程和工业中的重要问题。生物膜的形成受多种环境因素的影响。温度是微生物遇到的最直接的环境线索。在这里，我们研究了温度对铜绿假单胞菌（一种臭名昭著的病原体）生物膜形成的影响，发现温度是决定生物膜数量和结构的重要因素。低温大大增加了生物膜的形成，并使生物膜具有非常明显的结构。虽然生物膜形成的温度调节主要由c-di-GMP介导，但也观察到一些c-di-GMP非依赖性调节。这项研究显示了生物膜是如何在不同温度下形成的，并为利用温度控制生物膜提供了新的见解。
We investigated the effect of temperature on the biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and revealed that the biofilm formation increased rapidly at temperatures lower than 25 degrees C. P. aeruginosa formed the most robust biofilm of a conspicuous mushroom-like structure at 20 degrees C. However, when the temperature increased to 25 degrees C, the biofilm formation rapidly decreased. Above 25 degrees C, as the temperature rose, the biofilm formation increased again little by little despite its less-structured form, indicating that 25 degrees C is the low point of biofilm formation. The intracellular 3',5'-cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) levels also decreased rapidly as the temperature rose from 20 to 25 degrees C. The expression levels of pelA, algD, and pslA encoding Pel, alginate, and Psl, respectively, were also dramatically affected by temperature, with pelA being regulated in a pattern similar to that of the intracellular c-di-GMP levels, and the pattern seen for algD regulation was the most similar to the actual biofilm formation pattern. Total exopolysaccharide production was thermoregulated and followed the regulation pattern of c-di-GMP. Interestingly, the thermoregulation patterns in biofilm formation were different depending on the strain of P. aeruginosa. Unlike PA01, another strain, PA14, showed a gradual decrease in biofilm formation and c-di-GMP in the range of 20 to 37 degrees C, and P. aeruginose clinical isolates also showed slightly different patterns in biofilm formation in conjunction with temperature change, suggesting that different strains may sense different temperature ranges for biofilm formation. However, it is obvious that P. aeruginosa forms more biofilms at lower temperatures and that temperature is an important factor in determining the biofilm formation.IMPORTANCE Biofilm formation is an important protection mechanism used by most microorganisms and provides cells with many advantages, like high infectivity, antibiotic resistance, and strong survivability. Since most persistent bacterial infections are believed to be associated with biofilms, biofilm control is an important issue in medicine, environmental engineering, and industry. Biofilm formation is influenced by various environmental factors. Temperature is the most direct environmental cue encountered by microorganisms. Here, we investigated the effect of temperature on the biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa, a notorious pathogen, and found that temperature is an important factor determining the amount and structure of biofilms. Low temperatures greatly increase biofilm formation and give biofilms a highly conspicuous structure. Although thermoregulation of biofilm formation is mainly mediated by c-di-GMP, some c-di-GMP-independent regulations were also observed. This study shows how biofilms are formed at various temperatures and provides new insights to control biofilms using temperature.