Do Alcohol Compliance Checks Decrease Underage Sales at Neighboring Establishments?
Do Alcohol Compliance Checks Decrease Underage Sales at Neighboring Establishments?
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DOI：
10.15288/jsad.2013.74.852
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发表时间：
2013-11-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Wagenaar, Alexander C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Erickson, Darin J.;Smolenski, Derek J.;Wagenaar, Alexander C.
目的：执法机构进行的未成年人酒精合规检查可以减少在被检查的酒精场所非法销售酒精的可能性，理论表明，被检查的酒精场所可能会警告附近的场所，该地区正在进行合规检查。在这项研究中，我们考察了依从性检查的影响是否扩散到邻近的机构。方法：我们使用了遵守最低饮酒年龄试验的数据，其中包括在900多家酒精场所进行的2000多次合规检查。主要的结果是，在不需要年龄证明的情况下，向假冒未成年人出售酒精饮料。在控制了买方、许可证、企业和社区层面的变量后，采用多层次逻辑回归模型对每家企业的合规检查效果以及500米内邻近企业（分层为四个等半径同心圆）的合规检查效果进行了建模。结果：我们观察到，经过执法部门检查后，向未成年人出售酒精的场所的可能性有所下降，但这些影响会随着时间的推移而迅速消退。在过去90天内被检查过附近（125米以内）的酒吧也不太可能向看起来年轻的顾客出售酒。随着距离的增加，符合性检查对其他场所的空间效应迅速衰减。结论：结果证实了假设，警察合规检查的影响确实溢出到邻近的机构。这些发现对制定警察合规检查的最佳时间表具有启示意义。
Objective: Underage alcohol compliance checks conducted by law enforcement agencies can reduce the likelihood of illegal alcohol sales at checked alcohol establishments, and theory suggests that an alcohol establishment that is checked may warn nearby establishments that compliance checks are being conducted in the area. In this study, we examined whether the effects of compliance checks diffuse to neighboring establishments. Method: We used data from the Complying with the Minimum Drinking Age trial, which included more than 2,000 compliance checks conducted at more than 900 alcohol establishments. The primary outcome was the sale of alcohol to a pseudo-underage buyer without the need for age identification. A multilevel logistic regression was used to model the effect of a compliance check at each establishment as well as the effect of compliance checks at neighboring establishments within 500 m (stratified into four equal-radius concentric rings), after buyer, license, establishment, and community-level variables were controlled for. Results: We observed a decrease in the likelihood of establishments selling alcohol to underage youth after they had been checked by law enforcement, but these effects quickly decayed over time. Establishments that had a close neighbor (within 125 m) checked in the past 90 days were also less likely to sell alcohol to young-appearing buyers. The spatial effect of compliance checks on other establishments decayed rapidly with increasing distance. Conclusions: Results confirm the hypothesis that the effects of police compliance checks do spill over to neighboring establishments. These findings have implications for the development of an optimal schedule of police compliance checks.