A retrospective study of pathologic findings in the amazon and orinoco river dolphin (Inia geoffrensis) in captivity
A retrospective study of pathologic findings in the amazon and orinoco river dolphin (Inia geoffrensis) in captivity
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DOI：
10.1638/1042-7260(2007)038
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发表时间：
2007-06-01
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
Stadler, Cynthia K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bonar, Christopher J.;Boede, Ernesto O.;Stadler, Cynthia K.
河豚特别容易受到人类的负面影响。为了保护它们，为了避免它们的灭绝，未来重新安置或异地繁殖的尝试可能会变得重要。更多关于人工饲养河豚管理的知识和医学经验可能有助于这种保护工作。对123只圈养的亚马逊河豚(Inia Geoffrensis)的病历、尸检和组织病理学报告进行了综述。在这123只动物中，105只进行了尸检，70只进行了组织病理学检查。18只动物没有进行尸检。在野生动物中，在捕获和运输后的前2个月死亡率最高，占123例死亡中的32例。肺炎和皮肤损害(皮肤和皮下溃疡和脓肿)是最常见的表现，分别在105例肉眼诊断中发现44例(42%)和38例(36%)。在44例大体诊断的肺炎病例中，至少有10例含有寄生虫成分。恶病质是由各种原因引起的，在21只动物身上发现了严重的肉眼现象。15只动物有明显的肾脏病理组织学证据，这是13例死亡的主要原因。18例有肝脏病理改变，16例经组织学证实为细菌性脓毒症。基于这些发现，可以得出结论，成功维持该物种的关键包括1)捕获后立即进行预防性驱虫和抗生素治疗；2)在比过去更大的围栏中、在相容的群体中和在能够隔离攻击性动物的设施中维护动物；3)始终保持微生物卫生的水质；以及4)在捕获后立即采取预防措施，检疫和圈养期间的预防医学计划。
River dolphins are especially susceptible to negative human impacts. For their conservation, attempts of relocation or procreation ex situ may become important in the future to avoid their extinction. Additional knowledge and medical experiences of river dolphin management in captivity may aid such conservation efforts. The medical records and necropsy and histopathology reports on 123 captive Amazon River dolphins (Inia geoffrensis) were reviewed. Of these 123 animals, 105 were necropsied and 70 necropsies were supported with histopathology. Eighteen animals were not necropsied. Among wild-born animals, mortality was highest in the first 2 mo immediately postcapture and transport, accounting for 32 of 123 deaths. Pneumonia and skin lesions (cutaneous and subcutaneous ulcerations and abscesses) were the most common findings, found in 44 of 105 (42%) and 38 of 105 (36%) of gross diagnoses, respectively. At least 10 of 44 cases of Pneumonia diagnosed grossly included a verminous component. Cachexia, from a variety of causes, was a major gross finding in 21 animals. Fifteen animals had histologic evidence of significant renal pathology, and this was the primary cause of death in 13 cases. Hepatic pathology was found in 18 cases, and bacterial sepsis was confirmed via histology in 16 cases. Based on these findings, it may be concluded that keys to successful maintenance of this species include 1) prophylactic anthelminthic and antibiotic therapy immediately postcapture; 2) maintenance of animals in larger enclosures than in past attempts, in compatible groups, and in facilities capable of separating aggressive animals; 3) maintenance in microbiologically hygienic water quality at all times; and 4) a proactive program of preventive medicine during the immediate postcapture, quarantine, and maintenance period of captivity.